Хозяйство носителей кара-абызской культуры по материалам работ археологических экспедиций Национального музея Республики Башкортостан на памятниках у горы Курман-Тау
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.3.171.197Ключевые слова:
археология, Республика Башкортостан, кара-абызская культура, эпоха раннего железа, культура курмантау, гафурийский культурный комплекс, абашевская культура, алакульская культура, археологический микрорайон, металлургия, металлобработка, хозяйство.Аннотация
В статье представлены результаты исследований 2012–2018 гг. на территории археологического микрорайона горы Курман-Тау в Гафурийском районе Республике Башкортостан. Автором были проведены археологические разведки и раскопки на восьми поселенческих объектах, в результате чего был выделен археологический микрорайон. Поселения функционировали с эпохи бронзы (абашевская и алакульская культуры) и до эпохи раннего железа (культура курмантау, кара-абызская культура, гафурийский тип). Материалы были проанализированы палео-почвоведами, остеологами, проведен спектральный анализ металла и споро-пыльцевые анализы. На основе этих данных установлена неоднородность хозяйства в разные периоды функционирования поселенческих памятников микрорайона горы Курман-Тау. В эпоху раннего железа происходит переход от более оседлого образа жизни в эпоху бронзы к полукочевому скотоводству. Но в эпоху поздней бронзы и раннего железа на данной территории одним из главных видов деятельности у носителей культуры курмантау и кара-абызской культуры были металлообработка и бронзолитейное производство. Об этом свидетельствуют находки шлаков, сплесков металла, литейной чаши, литейных форм и других изделий. Результаты работ автора указывают на преемственность в хозяйстве между носителями двух культур на территории Гафурийского района.
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