Стеклянный сосуд с накладным и обкатанным декором из Остолоповского селища в Татарстане: терминология, происхождение, хронология
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.5.131.159Ключевые слова:
археология, стеклянный сосуд, флакон для краски для век (kohl bottle), изделия с накладным и обкатанным декором, «перистый» декор, Остолоповское селище, Волжская Булгария, домонгольский период, исламский Восток.Аннотация
Статья посвящена стеклянному сосуду, найденному в 2005 г. на булгарском Остолоповском селище (конец Х – конец XII в.), расположенном в левобережье р. Камы (Республика Татарстан), в ходе археологических раскопок под руководством одного из авторов. Сосуд принадлежит к группе восточных изделий с накладным и обкатанным (applied and marvered) декором, производимых, главным образом, в XII–XV вв. По-видимому, сосуд представлял собой небольшую бутылочку или флакон (flask). Изделия такой формы хорошо известны и широко распространены на Ближнем Востоке, где их использовали для хранения краски для век (kohl). Благодаря надежному археологическому контексту – сосуд обнаружен в комплексе, датированном концом XI – началом XII в., его можно отнести к периоду, предшествовавшему этапу массового производства изделий с подобным декором на территории исламского Востока. Среди небольшого количества известных на сегодняшний день узко датированных предметов этой группы, относящихся к домонгольскому времени, флакон из Остолопова можно считать наиболее ранним не только для территории Волжской Булгарии, но и для Восточной Европы в целом, а также, возможно, и для некоторых соседних регионов, в частности, для Южной Европы.
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