Литые украшения казанских татар: опыт этноархеологического и технологического исследования
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.5.229.241Ключевые слова:
археология, этнография, татары, художественный металл, литьевые технологии, традиции, этнокультурные взаимосвязиАннотация
По результатам изучения многообразия литых артефактов – украшений представляется очевидным, что казанско-татарским ремесленникам были знакомы элементарные и достаточно сложные методы литья. Наиболее распространенным являлось литье по готовой модели в закрытые земляные формы. Так изготавливалось большинство литых украшений. Из сложных способов были известны литье «навыплеск» и литье по выплавляемой восковой модели. Они представляют особый интерес в плане выявления истоков литейных технологий, тесно связанных со средневековыми традициями тюркских, финно-угорских, славянских этносов Евразии. В разные периоды этнокультурной истории литейное ремесло находилось на различных ступенях технологической эволюции, что объясняется рядом исторических причин, связанных в частности с пробирным законодательством Российской империи.
Библиографические ссылки
Andryushchenko, A. I. 1904. Rukovodstvo zolotykh i serebryanykh del masterstva (Gold- and silversmithing guide). Nizhnij Novgorod: “Tipografiya Gubernskogo Pravleniya” Publ. (in Russian)
Belavin, A. M. 1992. In Savel’eva, E. A. (ed.). Problemy finno-ugorskoi arkheologii Urala i Povolzh’ia (Issues of the Finno-Ugric Archaeology of the Urals and the Volga Region). Syktyvkar: Komi Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142–148 (in Russian).
Valeev, F. Kh. 1975. Drevnee i srednevekovoe iskusstvo Srednego Povolzh'ia (Ancient and Medieval art in the Middle Volga Region). Yoshkar-Ola: “Mariiskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo” Publ. (in Russian).
Valeev, F. Kh. 1984. Narodnoe dekorativno-prikladnoe iskusstvo Tatarstana (Folk decorative and applied arts of Tatarstan). Kazan: “Tatarskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo” Publ. (in Russian)
Vol'naya, G. N., Naifonova, F. T.2016. In Izvestiya Severo-Osetinskogo instituta gumanitarnykh i sotsial'nykh issledovaniy im. V.I. Abaeva (Proceedings of the V.I. Abaev North-Ossetian Institute for Humanitarian and Social Studies) 21 (60), 5–23 (in Russian)
Vorob'ev, N. I. 1953. Kazanskie tatary: Etnograficheskoe issledovanie material'noi kul'tury dooktiabr'skogo perioda. (The Kazan Tatars: Ethnographic Study of the Material Culture of the Pre-October Period). Kazan: “Tatknigoizdat” Publ. (in Russian).
Vysotsky, N. F. 1908. In Izvestiia obshchestva arkheologii, istorii i etnografii pri Kazanskom imperatorskom universitete (Reports of the Society of Archaeology, History and Ethnography Affiliated with Kazan Imperial University) XXXIV (4). Kazan: Kazan University, 1908, 340–351 (in Russian).
Gildt, V. 1913. In Kustarnaya promyshlennost' Rossii (Handicraft industry in Russia) 1. Saint Petersburg: “Tipo-Litografiya Yakor” Publ., 4–6 (in Russian)
Donina, L. N., Suslova, S. V. 2018. In Istoricheskaya Etnologiya (Historical Ethnology) 3 (1), 71–80 (in Russian)
Zhilina, N. V. 2015. In Engovatova, A. V. (ed.). Arkheologiia Podmoskov’ia: Materialy nauchnogo seminara (Archaeology of the Moscow Region: Materials of the Scientific Seminar) 11. Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 227–253 (in Russian).
Ivanova, M. G. 1994. Istoki udmurtskogo naroda (Origin of the Udmurt people). Izhevsk, 1994 (in Russian).
Kazem-Bek, N. A. 1895. Obshchestvennaya lavka kustarey sela Rybnoy slobody Laishevskogo uezda Kazanskoy gubernii (Public handicraft shop in the village of Rybnaya Sloboda, Laishevo uyezd, Kazan Governorate). Kazan: “Skoropechatnya L.P. Antonova” Publ. (in Russian)
Kalinin, N. F. 1948. In Grekov, B. D. (ed.). Proishozhdenie kazanskih tatar (Genesis of the Kazan Tatars). Kazan: “Tatgosizdat” Publ., 96–108 (in Russian)
Khalikov, A. Kh. (ed.). 1985. Kul’tura Biliara. Bulgarskie orudiia truda i oruzhie X—XIII vv. (Culture of Bilyar. Bulgar Tools and Weapons in 10th – 13th Centuries). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Krylasova, N. B. 2001. Istoriia prikamskogo kostiuma. Kostium srednevekovogo naseleniia Permskogo Predural’ia (History of the Kama River Region Costume. Medieval Costume of the Perm’ Cis-Urals Population). Perm: Perm State Pedagogical University (in Russian).
Krymina, M. M. 1977. In Sovetskaia Arkheologiia (Soviet Archaeology) (3), 249–267 (in Russian).
Minasian, R. S. 2014. Metalloobrabotka v drevnosti i srednevekov'e (Metalworking in Аntiquity and the Middle Ages). Saint Petersburg: “State Hermitage” Publ. (in Russian).
Nikitina, T. B. 2002. Mariitsy v epokhu srednevekov’ia (po arkheologicheskim materialam) (The Mari People in the Middle Ages (by archaeological materials)). Yoshkar-Ola: Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature and History (in Russian).
Polyakova, G. F. 1996. In Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. (ed.). Gorod Bolgar. Remeslo metallurgov, kuznetsov, liteishchikov (City of Bolgar. Craft of Metallurgists, Smiths, Founders). Kazan: Institute for Language, Literature and History Institute named after G. Ibragimov, Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan, 159–163 (in Russian).
Postnikova-Loseva, M. M. 1974. Russkoe juvelirnoe iskusstvo, ego centry i mastera. XVI–XIX vv. (Russian jewelry art, its centers and masters. XVI-XIX centuries). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian)
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie pervoe (Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. First Collection) VI. 1830. Saint Petersburg: Second Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery Publ. (in Russian).
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie pervoe (Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. First Collection) VIII. 1830. Saint Petersburg: Second Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery Publ. (in Russian).
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie pervoe (Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. First Collection) XI. 1830. Saint Petersburg: Second Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery Publ. (in Russian).
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie pervoe (Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. First Collection) XV. 1830. Saint Petersburg: Second Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery Publ. (in Russian).
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie pervoe (Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. First Collection) XVII. 1830. Saint Petersburg: Second Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery Publ. (in Russian).
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi imperii. Sobranie pervoe (Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. First Collection) XXII. 1830. Saint Petersburg: Second Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery Publ. (in Russian).
Rudenko, K. A. 2015. Bulgarskoe serebro (Bulgarian Silver). Series: Drevnosti Biliara (Antiquities of Biljar) II. Kazan: “Zaman” Publ. (in Russian).
Rybakov, B. A. 1948. Remeslo drevnej Rusi (Craft of Ancient Rus). Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian)
Ryndina, N. V. 1963. In Artsikhovskii, A. V., Kolchin B. A. (eds.). Trudy Novgorodskoi arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii (Proceedings of Novgorod Archaeological Expedition) II. Series: Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii (Materials and Studies in the Archaeology) 117. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 200–268 (in Russian).
Suraganov, S. K. 2014. In Gulin, I. A. (ed.). V mire nauki i iskusstva: voprosy filologii, iskusstvovedenija i kul'turologii (In the world of science and art: issues of philology, art history and culturology) no. 2 (33), vol. 2. Novosibirsk: “SibAK” Publ., 74–80. (in Russian)
Suslova, S. V., Mukhamedova, R. G. 2010. Narodnyi kostium tatar Povolzh'ia i Urala (seredina XIX – nachalo XX vv.). Istoriko-etnograficheskii atlas tatarskogo naroda (Folk Costume of the Tatars from the Volga Region and the Urals (mid-19th – early 20th centuries). Historical and Ethnographic Atlas of the Tatar People). Kazan: “FEN” Publ. (in Russian).
Fuks, K. F. 1844. Kazanskie tatary v statisticheskom i etnograficheskom otnosheniyakh (The Kazan Tatars in statistical and ethnographic terms). Kazan (in Russian).
Suslova, S. V. (ed.). 2018. Yuvelirnye ukrasheniya tyurkskikh narodov Evrazii. Istoriko-etnograficheskie ocherki (Jewelry of the Turkic peoples of Eurasia). Kazan: Institute of History named after Shigabuddin Mardzhani, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (in Russian)
Tallgren, A. M. 1918. Collection Zaussäilov au Musee National de Finland a Helsingfors II. Vol. 1-2. Helsingfors (in Finland)
Загрузки
Опубликован
Как цитировать
Выпуск
Раздел
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2023 С.В. Суслова, Л.Н. Донина
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
