ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПАМЯТНИКОВ АРХЕОЛОГИИ ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОГО ПЕРИОДА В ПЕНЗЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.2.105.120Ключевые слова:
археологические раскопки, Золотая Орда, Наровчатское городище, Мохши, селище Никольское, могильник, мавзолеи, архитектурные сооружения, нумизматика, торговый путьАннотация
История возвышения, расцвета, гибели и наследия Золотой Орды уже не одно десятилетие находится в центре внимания отечественных и зарубежных исследователей. В XIV в. власть ханов Золотой Орды охватывала территорию значительной части современной России (кроме Восточной Сибири, Дальнего Востока и районов Крайнего Севера), северный и западный Казахстан, Украину, Молдавию, часть Узбекистана и Туркмении. Земли современной Пензенской области входили в состав Мохши, северо-западного улуса Орды, граничащего с Рязанским княжеством. Через регион двигались торговые караваны на Русь и обратно из Булгара, нижневолжских городов и Хорезма. Изучение памятников археологии золотоордынского периода на территории Пензенской области началось еще в конце XIX и продолжилось в начале XX в. В.М. Терёхин, А.А. Спицын, И.Ф. Садин и А.А. Кротков первыми выявили научный потенциал Наровчатского городища и расположенных поблизости могильников для будущих поколений археологов и историков. Позднее были найдены новые селища золотоордынского периода, маршруты торговых путей, изучены артефакты – украшения, керамика, нумизматический
материал. Результаты исследований за последние тридцать лет Г.Н. Белорыбкин, В.А. Винничек и К.М. Винничек, О.В. Голубев, Ю.А. Зеленеев, Э.Д. Зиливинская и О.В. Мельниченко изложили в научных статьях. Изучение уже известных и поиск новых золотоордынских памятников археологии продолжается.
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