Новые находки позднего бронзового века в Юго-Восточном Казахстане
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.6.69.82Ключевые слова:
Юго-Восточный Казахстан, поздний бронзовый век, чустская культура, саргаринско-алексеевская культура, конское снаряжение, роговое удильное нащёчье, керамический горшок, реконструкция уздыАннотация
Работа посвящена исследованию случайной находки рогового удильного нащёчья и керамического сосуда позднего бронзового века около с. Таутурген в Алматинской области Казахстана. На основании сравнительно-типологического, палеозоологического, трасологического, технологического и радиоуглеродного методов проводится подробная характеристика, и рассматривается культурно-хронологическая принадлежность артефактов. Ближайшие аналоги предметам из c. Таутурген наблюдаются среди материалов чустской культуры Ферганской долины, однако декор артефакта указывает на его принадлежность к саргаринско-алексеевской культуре. На основании сравнительно-типологического метода в рамках традиционной хронологии данные предметы относятся к последней трети II тыс. до н.э. в рамках периода Яз-I. Полученная по нащёчью из c. Таутурген радиоуглеродная дата согласуется с радиоуглеродной хронологией чустской, саргаринско-алексеевской культур, комплексов Яз-Депе-I и Намазга VI в пределах второй половины XVI – начала XV вв. до н.э. Таутургенские находки ставят вопрос о существовании широкой контактной зоны между носителями чустской и позднебронзовых культур Юго-Восточного Казахстана, а также о более ранней позиции стержневидных роговых нащёчьев с отверстиями в разных плоскостях на территории Центральной Евразии, чем это принято в настоящее время. Авторами была выполнена реконструкция узды с «мягкими» удилами.
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