Могильник Памятное 1: к вопросу о месте и роли гороховских комплексов в становлении культуры раннего железного века в Притоболье
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2025.1.236.251Ключевые слова:
археология, Притоболье, курганный могильник, ранний железный век, курганы с одиночными захоронениями, гороховские комплексы, саргатская культура, палеоантропология, одонтометрия, Sargat cultureАннотация
Процессы, происходившие с IX по IV‒III вв. до н. э.: от миграции в Нижнее Притоболье носителей таежных (гамаюнских) традиций, смешения их с носителями бархатовских традиций и формирования восточного варианта иткульской культуры до становления саргатской культуры, могут трактоваться скорее как генезис культуры еще переходного периода от эпохи бронзы к раннему железному веку. За этот период происходит смена не менее чем пяти культурных комплексов, обнаруживающих, предположительно, преемственную связь. Сохраняется строительство укрепленных поселков с наземными жилищами ‒ традицией, широко распространенной на таежных территориях; захоронения, вероятно, совершаются в грунтовых могильниках, или практиковался иной способ погребения (например, на поверхности почвы или так называемый воздушный). По-видимому, с конца V ‒ IV в. до н.э. ‒ времени существования баитовских и гороховских комплексов общество стало переориентироваться на традиции лесостепных и степных культур. О хронологической последовательности и генетической связи иткульских и баитовских комплексов свидетельствуют как керамические материалы, так и радиоуглеродные даты, для определения же соотношения, формирования и развития баитовских, гороховских и саргатских древностей требуются дальнейшие исследования. В этом плане определенный интерес представляют археологические и палеоантропологические материалы погребений из двух курганов могильника Памятное 1 в Курганском Притоболье.
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