Е.П. Казаков об истории и культуре поволжских финнов в эпоху средневековья
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2025.3.71.79Ключевые слова:
археология, Волжская Болгария, мордва, марийцы, мурома, мещера, меря, культурные связи, торговые контактыАннотация
В статье обобщены научные выводы и отдельные высказывания Е.П.Казакова о культуре и истории поволжских финнов в эпоху средневековья. По мнению Е.П. Казакова, поволжские народы имели яркую самобытную культуру, отличную от болгарской, и в отличие от угорского населения, не участвовали в этногенезе болгар, поэтому изучались им в контексте взаимодействия с болгарами в области культурной, экономической и торговой сфер в рамках периодизации истории Волжской Болгарии. Ранний этап взаимоотношений поволжских финнов с волжскими болгарами отличается пассивностью. Расцвет взаимоотношений приходится на середину X – начало XIII вв. и связан с развитием ремесла в Волжской Болгарии и с активизацией деятельности болгарских купцов. Торговые контакты имели двусторонний характер: поставляя поволжским финнам значительное количество различного товара, болгары покупали кроме мехов и продуктов, преимущественно охоты, различные украшения. Учитывая, что украшения финно-угорского облика болгарами использовались не по прямому назначению, Е.П. Казаков делает вывод об отсутствии контактов этнического порядка. Исследователь также отмечает, начиная со второго этапа, неоднократные факты переселения финно-угорского населения на территорию Волжской Болгарии. Многие вывода автора подтверждены и дополнены современными исследованиями.
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