Фортификация Биляра
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2025.5.78.107Ключевые слова:
археология, фортификация, средневековье, Волжская Булгария, валы, рвы, древо-земляные стеныАннотация
Археологическое изучение укреплений Биляра проводилось с 1968 по 1982 гг. За это время было сделано 13 разрезов на всех валах как внутреннего, так и внешнего колец укреплений, а также на 4-х рвах. Лишь часть этих разрезов сопровождались площадными раскопками, а методический уровень соответствовал своему времени. В публикациях по итогам этих исследований было высказано предположение, что валы являлись насыпями, поверх которых были установлены деревянные стены. Изучение публикаций и отчетной документации показало, что в действительности наиболее древние валы является руинами древо-земляных стен, подобных древнерусским, а более поздние представляли собой именно насыпи. Определена этапность перестроек стен и некоторые их размерные показатели. Однако несовершенство методики раскопок полувековой давности не позволило получить весь комплекс сведений об укреплениях Биляра и не все валы сегодня могут быть надежно интерпретированы в виде стен или насыпей.
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