Отражение этапов формирования Западно-тюркского каганата в нумизматических материалах
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2025.6.254.270Ключевые слова:
археология, монеты, VI – VII веков, Западно-Тюркский каганат, Чач, Ташкент, Фергана, Согд, Тохаристан, согдийская легенда, древнетюркские титулы, имена, тамгиАннотация
В статье поставлена цель осветить процессы формирования Западно-Тюркского каганата на основе нумизматических материалов и письменных источников. Среди среднеазиатских нумизматических материалов доисламского времени, состоящих преимущественно из бронзовых, а также частично из серебряных монет, особенно выделяются монеты с согдийскими надписями, чеканенные в Чаче (Ташкент), Фергане, Уструшане, Согде (Самарканд и его окрестности) и Тохаристане (Южный Узбекистан – Южный Таджикистан – Северный Афганистан). В частности, чачские монеты, на которых упомянуты имена и титулы нескольких Западно-тюркских каганов и которые получили название «собственные монеты Западно-Тюркского каганата», благодаря своим иконографическим и палеографическим особенностям, играют важную роль в освещении до сих пор неясных аспектов истории данного каганата. Фактически, эти нумизматические материалы, первоначально предназначенные для удовлетворения потребностей рынков, представляют особую значимость с точки зрения уточнения ряда вопросов, связанных с историей Каганата. Благодаря этим монетам, относящимся к VI–VIII вв., мы имеем возможность проследить этапы формирования Западно-Тюркского каганата как политического объединения. Можно выделить три основных периода: первый этап – «период Ябгуйство» (когда западное крыло Тюркского каганата находилось под управлением ябгу), второй этап – «период Ябгу-каганата», и третий – «период Каганата». Разрозненные сведения из письменных источников можно уточнить с помощью монет, чеканившихся в Чаче (Ташкентском оазисе).
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