Продукты металлургии раннего железного века в пещерном комплексе С.М. Прокудина-Горского и Кроссуральские коммуникации
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2026.2.225.243Ключевые слова:
археология, ранний железный век, пещерный комплекс, Южное Зауралье, Волго-Камье, металлургия меди, кроссуральские коммуникацииАннотация
В статье исследованы продукты металлургического производства из пещерного комплекса С.М. Прокудина-Горского. Комплекс, который включает две пещеры и грот, находится на западном склоне Уральских гор, в 7 км к северо-западу от города Сим Челябинской области. Грот и пещера С.М. Прокудина-Горского в раннем железном веке являлись временными убежищами для различных человеческих коллективов, а пещера НЛО выступила в качестве временного хранилища депозита в виде слитка меди, совершенного в промежутке между началом IV и концом III в. до н.э. Все проанализированные металлические артефакты изготовлены из металлургически «чистой» меди. Медь получена из разных типов руд, источниками которых могли быть небольшие медные рудопроявления в ультрабазит-базитовых комплексах Главного Уральского разлома, известных от широты города Касли с севера, до города Учалы на юге. Вероятно, в раннем железном веке часть металла из горно-металлургических центров Зауралья, а также лигатур из Саяно-Алтая, Центрального Казахстана и севера Центральной Азии поступала в Волго-Камье через лесостепь Южного Зауралья по трем основным маршрутам, совпадающим с тремя Сибирскими дорогами XVIII века. Один из них проходил там, где позднее пролегала дорога, получившая в XIX веке название «Уфимская дорога» или «Уфимский тракт».
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