Мусульмане хазарского времени на Северском Донце: археологические свидетельства и вопросы их интерпретации
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2022.6.59.75Ключевые слова:
археология, салтово-маяцкая культура, Хазарский каганат, ислам, некрополь, Северский Донец, постройки, погребения, валы, рвы, эскарпыАннотация
На территории распространения салтово-маяцкой культуры известно пять мусульманских могильников. Они находятся в среднем течении р. Северский Донец. Некрополи изучены неравномерно. Только на двух из них (археологические комплексы у сел Маяки и Сидорово Славянского р-на) исследовались могильники и прилегающие к ним поселения. Анализ их материалов позволяют сделать ряд выводов. Группы мусульман среднеазиатского происхождения попали на территорию Донецкого региона в середине IX века, в период сооружения крепостей на западных границах Хазарского каганата. На укрепленные поселения переселялись и другие этнические группы, в том числе, недавно осевшие кочевники (протоболгары?). Одним из центров размещения мусульман был Сидоровский комплекс, на котором находился крупный контингент, состоящий из пеших воинов. Связать данных мусульман с выходцами из Хорезма, известными в восточных источниках под именем «ал-арсиййа», пока нет возможности в связи с малым количеством данных об этой группе населения хазарских городов. Данное предположение пока может рассматриваться в качестве рабочей версии.
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