Социокультурная динамика в неолите Байкало-Енисейской Сибири: проблемы, гипотезы, факты
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.4.174.191Ключевые слова:
археология, Байкало-Енисейская Сибирь, неолит, охотники-собиратели, погребальные традиции, гончарство, радиоуглеродное датирование, социокультурная динамика.Аннотация
Проведена оценка возможностей использования погребальных комплексов для изучения социокультурной динамики в неолите Байкало-Енисейской Сибири (~8,6–5 тыс. кал. л. н.). Проанализирована культурно-хронологическая схема, разработанная для среднего голоцена Предбайкалья в результате реализации «Байкальского археологического проекта» (БАП). Сделан вывод, что избирательный географический охват и недостаточное внимание к материалам стоянок, ограничили возможности интерпретации результатов БАП и привели к созданию не совсем корректной периодизации и искусственного феномена хиатуса, характеризующегося отсутствием формальных погребений в среднем неолите. Эволюционистский подход БАП обусловил характер концепции, которая подразумевает преимущественно эндогенное развитие культур Предбайкалья и не учитывает внешние факторы. Опираясь на данные корреляции материалов погребений и стоянок Байкало-Енисейской Сибири (которая в неолите представляла собой единую культурную площадь), авторы предлагают альтернативный взгляд на динамику социумов и культур местных охотников-собирателей. Согласно ему, выделяется четыре события, которые привели к существенным изменениям, и три транзитных перехода, в течение которых формировалась та или иная культурная модель. При этом авторы призывают отказаться от использования понятия «позднего мезолита» для начала среднего голоцена и предлагают объединить его ранним неолитом, а также вносят свои предложения по наполнению средненеолитического хиатуса.
Библиографические ссылки
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Bazaliiskii, V. I., Livers, A. R., Khaverkort, K. M., Pezhemskii, D. V., Tyutrin, A. A., Turkin, G. V., Veber, A. V. 2006 In Kharinskiy, A. V. (ed.). Izvestiya laboratorii drevnikh tekhnologii (Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies) 4. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technological University Publ., 80–103 (in Russian).
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Berdnikov, I. M., Goryunova, O. I., Novikov, A. G., Berdnikova, N. E., Ulanov, I. V., Sokolova, N. B., Abrashina, M. E., Krutikova, K. A., Rogovskoi, E. O., Lokhov, D. N., Kogai, S. A. 2020. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (33), 23–53. DOI: 10.26516/2227-2380.2020.33.23 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Krutikova, K. A., Dudarek, S. P., Berdnikova, N. E., Sokolova, N. B. 2021. In Severnye Arkhivy i Ekspeditsii (Northen Archives and Expeditions) 1, 33–55 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Makarov, N. P., Savenkova, T. M., Berdnikova, N. E., Sokolova, N. B., Kim, A. M., Raikh, D. 2023. In Arkheologiia, etnografiia i antropologiia Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia) 51 (1), 42–51 (in Russian).
Berdnikova, N. E. 2013. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) 1 (2), 156–173 (in Russian).
Georgievskaya, G. M. 1989. Kitoyskaya kul'tura Pribaykal'ya (Kitoi culture of the Cis-Baikal). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Gerasimov, M. M. 1955. Vosstanovlenie litsa po cherepu: (sovremennyi i iskopaemyi chelovek) (Forensic Facial Reconstruction: Modern and Fossil Human). Series: Trudy Instituta etnografii im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya. Novaya seriya (Proceedings of the N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnography, new series) 28. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
German, P. V., Leont'ev, S. N. 2012. In Evraziia v Kainozoe. Stratigrafiia, paleoekologiia, kul’tury (Eurasia in the Cenozoic. Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, Cultures) 1, 78–85 (in Russian).
Goryunova, O. I. 1984. Mnogosloynye pamyatniki Malogo morya i o. Ol'khon (Multilayered sites of the Maloe More and Olkhon Island). Thesis of Diss. of Candidate of Historical Sciences. Novosibirsk (in Russian).
Dzyubas, S. A., Abdulov, T. A., Drulis, M. V. 1996. In Medvedev, G. I. (ed.-in-chief). Arkheologicheskoe nasledie Baikal'skoi Sibiri: izuchenie, okhrana i ispol'zovanie (Archaeological heritage of Baikal Siberia: study, protection and use) 1. Irkutsk: Center for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage, 47–56 (in Russian).
Dolganov, V. A., Goryunova, O. I., Novikov, A. G., Veber, A. V. 2011. In Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriia, filologiya (Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State University: History, Philology) 10 (3), 84–91 (in Russian).
Lokhov, D. N., Rogovskoi, E. O., Dudarek, S. P. 2013. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) 1 (2), 116–132 (in Russian).
Marchenko, Zh. B., Grishin, A. E., Garkushin, Yu. N., Kerbs, E. A. 2022. In Arkheologiia, etnografiia i antropologiia Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia) 50 (3), 16–28 (in Russian).
Okladnikov, A. P. 1949. In Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta istorii material’noi kul’tury (Brief Communications of the Institute for the History of Material Culture) 25. Moscow; Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 7–13 (in Russian).
Okladnikov, A. P. 1950. Neolit i bronzovyy vek Pribaykal'ya: Istoriko-arkheologicheskoe issledovanie (Neolithic and Bronze Age of the Baikal Region: Historical and Archaeological Research). Series: Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii (Materials and Studies in the Archaeology) 18. Moscow-Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Savel'ev, N. A. 1989. Neolit yuga Sredney Sibiri: (istoriya osnovnykh idey i sovremennoe sostoyanie problemy) (Neolithic of the south of Central Siberia (the history of the main ideas and the current state of the problem). Thesis of Diss. of Candidate of Historical Sciences. Novosibirsk (in Russian).
Savel'ev, N. A., Ulanov, I. V. 2018. Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (26), 46–85. DOI:10.26516/2227-2380.2018.26.46 (in Russian).
Savel'ev, N. A., Ulanov, I. V. 2019. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (29), 38–72. DOI: 10.26516/2227-2380.2019.29.38 (in Russian).
Savel'ev, N. A., Dudarek, S. P., Timoshchenko, A. A., Lokhov, D. N. 2020. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (34), 3–37. DOI: 10.26516/2227-2380.2020.34.3 (in Russian).
Medvedev, G. I., Savel'ev, N. A, Svinin V. V. (еds.) 1990. Stratigrafiya, paleogeografiya i arkheologiya yuga Srednei Sibiri (Stratigraphy, paleogeography and archaeology of the south of Central Siberia). Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University (in Russian).
Ulanov, I. V. 2022. Drevnee goncharstvo yuga Baykalo-Eniseyskoy Sibiri: kul'turnye i tekhnologicheskie traditsii (Ancient pottery in the south of Baikal-Yenisey Siberia: cultural and technological traditions) Vol. II. Diss. of Candidate of Historical Sciences. Irkutsk (in Russian).
Yanshina, O. V. 2021. Perekhod ot paleolita k neolitu v Kitae (Transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic in China). Saint Petersburg: Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Moussa, N. 2015. In Maternal and paternal polymorphisms in prehistoric Siberian populations of Lake Baikal. PhD. dissertation. Edmonton (in English).
Tarasov, P. E., Bezrukova, E. V., Müller, S., Kostrova, S. S., White, D. 2017. In Losey, R. J., Nomokonova, T. (еds.). Holocene Zooarchaeology of Cis-Baikal. Mainz (DE): Nünnerich–Asmus Verlag & Media GmbH, 15–26 (in English).
Weber, A. W. 2020. In Archaeological Research in Asia 24, 100222 (in English).
Weber, A. W., Link, D. W., Katzenberg, M. A. 2002. In Journal of Anthropological Archaeology (21), 230–299 (in English).
Weber, A. W., Beukens, R. R., Bazaliiskii, V. I., Goriunova, O. I., Saveliev, N. A. 2006. In Radiocarbon. Vol. 48, no 1, 127–166 (in English).
Weber, A. W., McKenzie, H. G., Beukens, R. 2010. In Weber, A. W., Katzenberg, M. A., Schurr, T. G. (еds.). Prehistoric Hunter–Gatherers of the Baikal Region, Siberia: Bioarchaeological Studies of Past Lifeways. Schurr. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 27–49 (in English).
Weber, A. W., Schulting, R. J., Ramsey, C. B., Bazaliiskii, V. I., Goriunova, O. I., Berdnikova, N. E. 2016. In Quaternary International 419, 74–98. DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.003 (in English).
Weber, A., Bronk Ramsey, C., Schulting, R. J., BazaliAlekseev, A. N., D'yakonov, V. M. 2009. In Arkheologiia, etnografiia i antropologiia Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia) 39 (3), 26–40 (in Russian).
Bazaliiskii, V. I. 2012. In Kharinskiy, A. V. (ed.). Izvestiya laboratorii drevnikh tekhnologii (Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies) 9. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technological University Publ., 43–101 (in Russian).
Bazaliiskii, V. I., Livers, A. R., Khaverkort, K. M., Pezhemskii, D. V., Tyutrin, A. A., Turkin, G. V., Veber, A. V. 2006 In Kharinskiy, A. V. (ed.). Izvestiya laboratorii drevnikh tekhnologii (Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies) 4. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technological University Publ., 80–103 (in Russian).
Bazaliiskii, V. I., Teten'kin, A. V., Kharinskii, A. V. 2016. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Istoriia (History) 16, 8–27 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M. 2010. In Medvedev, G. I. (ed.) Evraziiskoe kul'turnoe prostranstvo. Arkheologiia, etnologiia, antropologiia (Eurasian Cultural Space. Archaeology, Ethnology, Anthropology). Irkutsk: “Ottisk” Publ., 123–127 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M. 2018. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (26), 3–45. DOI:10.26516/2227-2380.2018.26.3 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Ulanov, I. V., Sokolova, N. B. 2017а. In Stratum plus (2), 275–300 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Rogovskoi, E. O., Lokhov, D. N., Kuznetsov, A. M., Kogai, S. A., Lipnina, E. A., Berdnikova, N. E., Savel'ev, N. A., Sokolova, N. B., Ulanov, I. V. 2017b. In Evraziia v Kainozoe. Stratigrafiia, paleoekologiia, kul’tury (Eurasia in the Cenozoic. Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, Cultures) 6, 220–230 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Goryunova, O. I. 2022. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (40), 3–11. DOI: 10.26516/2227-2380.2022.40.3 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Krutikova, K. A., Dudarek, S. P., Berdnikova, N. E., Sokolova, N. B. 2020. In Bychkov, I. V., Kazakov, A. L. (eds.) Aktual'nye problemy nauki Pribaykal'ya (Topical issues of the science of Baikal region). Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University, 15–20 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Goryunova, O. I., Novikov, A. G., Berdnikova, N. E., Ulanov, I. V., Sokolova, N. B., Abrashina, M. E., Krutikova, K. A., Rogovskoi, E. O., Lokhov, D. N., Kogai, S. A. 2020. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (33), 23–53. DOI: 10.26516/2227-2380.2020.33.23 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Krutikova, K. A., Dudarek, S. P., Berdnikova, N. E., Sokolova, N. B. 2021. In Severnye Arkhivy i Ekspeditsii (Northen Archives and Expeditions) 1, 33–55 (in Russian).
Berdnikov, I. M., Makarov, N. P., Savenkova, T. M., Berdnikova, N. E., Sokolova, N. B., Kim, A. M., Raikh, D. 2023. In Arkheologiia, etnografiia i antropologiia Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia) 51 (1), 42–51 (in Russian).
Berdnikova, N. E. 2013. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) 1 (2), 156–173 (in Russian).
Georgievskaya, G. M. 1989. Kitoyskaya kul'tura Pribaykal'ya (Kitoi culture of the Cis-Baikal). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Gerasimov, M. M. 1955. Vosstanovlenie litsa po cherepu: (sovremennyi i iskopaemyi chelovek) (Forensic Facial Reconstruction: Modern and Fossil Human). Series: Trudy Instituta etnografii im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya. Novaya seriya (Proceedings of the N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnography, new series) 28. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
German, P. V., Leont'ev, S. N. 2012. In Evraziia v Kainozoe. Stratigrafiia, paleoekologiia, kul’tury (Eurasia in the Cenozoic. Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, Cultures) 1, 78–85 (in Russian).
Goryunova, O. I. 1984. Mnogosloynye pamyatniki Malogo morya i o. Ol'khon (Multilayered sites of the Maloe More and Olkhon Island). Thesis of Diss. of Candidate of Historical Sciences. Novosibirsk (in Russian).
Dzyubas, S. A., Abdulov, T. A., Drulis, M. V. 1996. In Medvedev, G. I. (ed.-in-chief). Arkheologicheskoe nasledie Baikal'skoi Sibiri: izuchenie, okhrana i ispol'zovanie (Archaeological heritage of Baikal Siberia: study, protection and use) 1. Irkutsk: Center for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage, 47–56 (in Russian).
Dolganov, V. A., Goryunova, O. I., Novikov, A. G., Veber, A. V. 2011. In Vestnik Novosibirskogo Gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriia, filologiya (Bulletin of the Novosibirsk State University: History, Philology) 10 (3), 84–91 (in Russian).
Lokhov, D. N., Rogovskoi, E. O., Dudarek, S. P. 2013. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) 1 (2), 116–132 (in Russian).
Marchenko, Zh. B., Grishin, A. E., Garkushin, Yu. N., Kerbs, E. A. 2022. In Arkheologiia, etnografiia i antropologiia Evrazii (Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia) 50 (3), 16–28 (in Russian).
Okladnikov, A. P. 1949. In Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta istorii material’noi kul’tury (Brief Communications of the Institute for the History of Material Culture) 25. Moscow; Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 7–13 (in Russian).
Okladnikov, A. P. 1950. Neolit i bronzovyy vek Pribaykal'ya: Istoriko-arkheologicheskoe issledovanie (Neolithic and Bronze Age of the Baikal Region: Historical and Archaeological Research). Series: Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii (Materials and Studies in the Archaeology) 18. Moscow-Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).
Savel'ev, N. A. 1989. Neolit yuga Sredney Sibiri: (istoriya osnovnykh idey i sovremennoe sostoyanie problemy) (Neolithic of the south of Central Siberia (the history of the main ideas and the current state of the problem). Thesis of Diss. of Candidate of Historical Sciences. Novosibirsk (in Russian).
Savel'ev, N. A., Ulanov, I. V. 2018. Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (26), 46–85. DOI:10.26516/2227-2380.2018.26.46 (in Russian).
Savel'ev, N. A., Ulanov, I. V. 2019. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (29), 38–72. DOI: 10.26516/2227-2380.2019.29.38 (in Russian).
Savel'ev, N. A., Dudarek, S. P., Timoshchenko, A. A., Lokhov, D. N. 2020. In Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta (Proceedings of Irkutsk State University). Series: Geoarkheologiia. Etnologiia. Antropologiia (Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology) (34), 3–37. DOI: 10.26516/2227-2380.2020.34.3 (in Russian).
Medvedev, G. I., Savel'ev, N. A, Svinin V. V. (еds.) 1990. Stratigrafiya, paleogeografiya i arkheologiya yuga Srednei Sibiri (Stratigraphy, paleogeography and archaeology of the south of Central Siberia). Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University (in Russian).
Ulanov, I. V. 2022. Drevnee goncharstvo yuga Baykalo-Eniseyskoy Sibiri: kul'turnye i tekhnologicheskie traditsii (Ancient pottery in the south of Baikal-Yenisey Siberia: cultural and technological traditions) Vol. II. Diss. of Candidate of Historical Sciences. Irkutsk (in Russian).
Yanshina, O. V. 2021. Perekhod ot paleolita k neolitu v Kitae (Transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic in China). Saint Petersburg: Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Moussa, N. 2015. In Maternal and paternal polymorphisms in prehistoric Siberian populations of Lake Baikal. PhD. dissertation. Edmonton (in English).
Tarasov, P. E., Bezrukova, E. V., Müller, S., Kostrova, S. S., White, D. 2017. In Losey, R. J., Nomokonova, T. (еds.). Holocene Zooarchaeology of Cis-Baikal. Mainz (DE): Nünnerich–Asmus Verlag & Media GmbH, 15–26 (in English).
Weber, A. W. 2020. In Archaeological Research in Asia 24, 100222 (in English).
Weber, A. W., Link, D. W., Katzenberg, M. A. 2002. In Journal of Anthropological Archaeology (21), 230–299 (in English).
Weber, A. W., Beukens, R. R., Bazaliiskii, V. I., Goriunova, O. I., Saveliev, N. A. 2006. In Radiocarbon. Vol. 48, no 1, 127–166 (in English).
Weber, A. W., McKenzie, H. G., Beukens, R. 2010. In Weber, A. W., Katzenberg, M. A., Schurr, T. G. (еds.). Prehistoric Hunter–Gatherers of the Baikal Region, Siberia: Bioarchaeological Studies of Past Lifeways. Schurr. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 27–49 (in English).
Weber, A. W., Schulting, R. J., Ramsey, C. B., Bazaliiskii, V. I., Goriunova, O. I., Berdnikova, N. E. 2016. In Quaternary International 419, 74–98. DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.003 (in English).
Weber, A., Bronk Ramsey, C., Schulting, R. J., Bazaliiskii, V. I., Goriunova, O. I. 2021. In Archaeological Research in Asia 25. Art. n. 100234. DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2020.100234 (in English).
iskii, V. I., Goriunova, O. I. 2021. In Archaeological Research in Asia 25. Art. n. 100234. DOI: 10.1016/j.ara.2020.100234 (in English).
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