ИСТОРИКО-ТОПОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР КАРАВАН-САРАЕВ ПЛАТО УСТЮРТ

Авторы

  • Мурат Дабылович Калменов Западно-Казахстанский инновационно-технологический университет (г. Уральск, Казахстан)
  • Алия Ермековна Бижанова Западно-Казахстанский инновационно-технологический университет (г. Уральск, Казахстан)
  • Самат Бакитжанович Курманалин Западно-Казахстанский инновационно-технологический университет (г. Уральск, Казахстан)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.2.340.363

Ключевые слова:

археологические памятники, средневековье, плато Устюрт, караван-сарай

Аннотация

Статья посвящена караван-сараям, расположенным на плато Устюрт. В период государства Улуг Улуса (Золотоя Орда) приоритетным караванным сообщением становится дорога через плато Устюрт, обустроенная грандиозными, хорошо укрепленными гостиными дворами – караван-сараями. Торговые караваны из Ургенча попадали в город Сарайчик на реке Жайык (Урал), и далее направлялись в столицу Золотой Орды, город Сарай-Бату на Волге. Укрепленные «гостиницы» – караван-сараи – были привязаны к колодцам или искусственно созданным хранилищам – водонакопителям сезонных осадков, располагавшимся на расстоянии одного или двух дней перехода каравана. Главная постройка в виде небольшой крепости служила гостиницей для купцов и состоятельных путешественников. Здесь имелись небольшие комнаты, кухня, столовая, возможно, баня, а также складские помещения для хранения перевозимых товаров. Караван-сараи выполняли и роль почтовых станций, где гонцы могли поменять лошадей. Небольшой военизированный отряд, расквартированный поблизости, был призван охранять и контролировать торговую трассу на этом участке. Вблизи караван-сараев возникали небольшие селения для обслуживающего караваны персонала – погонщиков, охранников, мигрирующего населения. На
сегодня, на плато Устюрт известно 10 караван-сараев – Учкудук, Ажикелди, Белеули, Косбулак и Чурук, Кусшы ата, Коптам (Белдеули) и у родника Коскудук (Есетбулак), также в направлении Каспийского моря расположены Уали и Маната. Караван-сараи вытянуты по прямой с юго-востока на северо-запад. Между крайними обследованными памятниками расстояние составляет около 270 км.

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Опубликован

2024-04-27

Как цитировать

Калменов , М. Д., Бижанова, А. Е., & Курманалин , С. Б. (2024). ИСТОРИКО-ТОПОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР КАРАВАН-САРАЕВ ПЛАТО УСТЮРТ. Археология Евразийских степей, (2), 340–363. https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.2.340.363

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