Инновационные процессы в храмовых сооружениях Центральной Азии в эпоху бронзы
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.5.322.336Ключевые слова:
Средняя Азия, бронзовый век, БМАК, храмы, алтарь, инновационные процессы, архитектура, Саразм, Тоголок-21, Дашлы-3, ДжаркутанАннотация
В исторической науке особый интерес вызывают храмы и дворцы Бактрии и Маргиани в эпоху бронзы. В последней трети XX – начале XXI вв. в археологии бронзового века в южных районах Туркменистана, Узбекистана и северного Афганистана было сделано ряд глобальных открытий объектов археологического наследия, между которыми исследователи отмечают определенную связь. В связи с этим В. И. Сарианиди предложил объединить их под названием Бактрийско-Маргианского археологического комплекса (БМАК), А. П. Франкфор – общим названием цивилизация Окса,
а В.М. Массон – Протобактрия. Тем не менее, в данной области (если можно так назвать) зафиксированы несколько памятников, датируемых периодом бронзового века на территории Средней Азии и построенных в земледельческих оазисах Намазга, Дашли, Сапалли. Интересен памятник Саразм, расположенный на юго-западе Таджикистана. Он считается местом проживания древней крестьянской общины и расположенным на границе с БМАК. В данной статье предпринимается попытка сделать анализ сходства и различий в приемах, способах и строительной техники строительства монументальных сооружений, их оборонительных стен, места храмовой архитектуры в инфраструктуре ранней городской культуры и ее локальных поселений, а также определено влияние инновационных процессов на развитие строительной техники на таких археологических памятниках как Саразм, Гонур, Тоголок-21, Дашлы-3 и Жаркутан.
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