Reflection of the Medieval Climatic Optimum in the Palynological Spectra of Deposits of Archaeological Sites of the Southern Urals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2025.3.121.133Keywords:
archaeology, palynology, Medieval Climatic Optimum, Chiyalik culture, Kushnarenkovo culture, Karayakupovo culture, Golden Horde era, Southern UralsAbstract
The paper presents the palynological characteristics of the medieval climatic optimum obtained for the territory of the Southern Urals. Analysis of the palynological composition of deposits of monuments in the forest-steppe and forest zones of the Southern Fore-Urals made it possible to identify three key indicators of climate change: linden and meadow herbs – for the warm period, pine – for the era of the medieval climatic minimum and the Little Ice Age. During the warm and humid optimum period, linden forests were widespread in the forest zone of the Southern Fore-Urals and were found sporadically on watersheds. In open spaces, meadow grasses made a major contribution. The change from the cool and moderately humid, sometimes quite dry, climate of the early Middle Ages (during the era of the Kushnarenkovo and Karayakupovo cultures) to the warm and humid climate of the late Middle Ages (during the existence of the Chiyalik culture) probably occurred already in the 8th century. Climatic conditions remained favorable until the onset of the Little Ice Age in the 14th century. On the territory of the mountain-forest zone, hazel acts as a marker of warming in the late Middle Ages. An indicator of further cooling during is pine. It was not possible to identify the landscape and climatic characteristics of the medieval climatic pessimum in the Southern Urals.
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Copyright (c) 2025 R.G. Kurmanov, E.V. Ruslanov, А.S. Protsenko, R.R. Ruslanova, N.S. Savelyev, V.V. Ovsyannikov, I.F. Kadyrov
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