Исследования поселения пеньковской культуры в среднем течении Северского Донца
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2025.5.31.50Ключевые слова:
археология, Северский Донец, славяне, хазары, аланы, протоболгары, анты, поселение, печь, керамика, постройкиАннотация
В среднем течении Северского Донца присутствует группа памятников пеньковской культуры, часть которых подвергались раскопкам. В 1990–1991, 2005 гг. исследования такого поселения велись на археологическом комплексе у с. Маяки Славянского р-на Донецкой обл. Были расчищены котлованы 5 построек и группа хозяйственных сооружений, материалы которых позволяют датировать поселение V–VII вв. Указанное поселение являлось самой ранней частью крупного памятника, расцвет которого приходится на хазарское время. Наличие в среднем течении Северского Донца группы памятников, существовавших в эпоху Великого переселения народов и, следующее за ней, хазарское время, представляет интерес. На многих поселениях этой территории, слои хазарского времени подстилаются слоем пеньковской культуры. На памятниках хазарского времени на поселениях буферной зоны между степью и лесостепью, и на граничащих с этой зоной степных просторах четко прослеживается славянское влияние. Ныне, на основании имеющегося археологического материала, сложно определить, как попали в среднее течение Северского Донца носители славянской традиции. Возможно, это население было перемещено из лесостепных территорий уже в период существования Хазарского каганата. При этом, нельзя исключать, что носителями славянской традиции могло являться автохтонное население, поглощенное выходцами из Степи и Северокавказского региона, которые пришли на рассматриваемые земли в VIII веке.
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