Памятники археологии на территории г. Самары: анализ топографии и перспективы сохранения
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.1.343.357Ключевые слова:
археология, город Самара, объекты археологического наследия, картография, охрана историко-культурного наследия, музеефикация.Аннотация
На территории современного города Самары известно около 50 памятников археологии всех эпох – от палеолита до Нового времени. При картографировании памятников четко выявляется приуроченность памятников определенных эпох к различным топографическим зонам. Памятники эпохи палеолита и мезолита в черте города сосредоточены в основном на волжской террасе, неолита – в пойме и на первой надпойменной террасе р. Самара. Поселения бронзового века зафиксированы как на первой волжской террасе, так и преимущественно по правому и левому берегу Самары, а также в районе карстовых озер на водоразделах. Большинство поселений этой эпохи оставлено населением срубной культуры. Археологические памятники раннего железного века и раннего средневековья на территории города представлены поселениями, разрозненными погребениями, а также случайными находками. Поселения выявлены на первой волжской террасе, погребения кочевого населения приурочены либо к самарской пойме, к пойменным озерам, либо к карстовым озерам на водоразделах. Памятники золотоордынского времени выявлены на первой террасе Волги. Учет закономерностей расположения археологических памятников будет полезен при планировании археологических работ в зоне хозяйственного освоения. Современное состояние ряда памятников позволяет при условии заинтересованности муниципалитета использовать их для популяризации археологического наследия, в том числе через создание музеефицированных комплексов. Первый опыт подобных работ в Самаре уже имеется. Важно оценить, насколько эти попытки соответствуют современным представлениям о музеефикации археологических объектов в городском пространстве.
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