Wooden Structures of the Starodub Fortress of the XVI–XVIII centuries (to the 40th anniversary of the start of research)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.4.32.42Keywords:
archaeology, Starodub, XVI–XVIII century, wooden fortifications, earthen fortifications, wooden pavement, Cossacks.Abstract
In 1983, 1985, 1987–1988 and 1994, rescue archaeological excavations of the historical center of the annalistic town of Starodub (modern Russian – Ukrainian borderland) were conducted. These studies revealed a low-power Old Rus cultural layer, which was covered by the cultural layer of the XVI – middle of the XVIII century. This layer contained the fire traces of the Starodub War period (1535) and the remains of a fortress, erected on the site of a fire by decree of Elena Glinskaya. The remains of wooden fortifications unique to the region have been preserved. These are the “brama” (gates) of the Bastion Probitoy and remains of a wide earthen rampart with a log palisade and lattice klets (store-rooms) inside. In addition, part of the wooden pavement in the state sazhen is also studied. Starodub fortress is interesting because it combines: 1. European planning (it is one of the first earthen fortresses with bastions in the territory of Muscovy), 2. The wide earthen ramparts with a palisade on a slope (typical for Cossack fortifications in the Dnieper region). 3. Chopped towers in the so-called "simplified Russian style". Due to the building work at the site, it was not possible to preserve and museumification of the discovered wooden unique constructions.
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