A Tree in the Sacred Space of the Udmurts and its Protection
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.4.136.141Keywords:
cultural heritage sites, protection, tree cult, prayers, the Udmurts, sacred groves, pre-Christian beliefs, cultural monumentAbstract
The article deals with the issue of sacralization of the tree image in the pre-Christian views of the Udmurts, the indigenous Finno-Ugric people, occupying the territory between the Kama and Vyatka rivers (the Republic of Udmurtia). The typology of objects of worship made of wood or its component parts is given. The following types are identified: temples, dedicated to the masters of Wild Nature, sacred groves, Kuala, ritual objects, lonely standing trees. The issue of protection of the revealed cult objects is considered: some of them have the status of cultural heritage sites as attractive places and monuments of archaeology, others form museum collections and are in state ownership, another part keeps a cult role and is under the control of prayer participants, who maintain the safety of the site with systems of restrictions and taboos. The use of some images as tourist and art objects is also noted.
References
Agentstvo po gosudarstvennoy okhrane ob"ektov kul'turnogo naslediya Udmurtskoy Respubliki (Agency for state protection of cultural heritage objects of the Udmurt Republic). Available at: https://www.aoknur.udmr.ru/ (accessed: 10.08.2023) (in Russian).
Vasilyeva, E. N. 2012. Semantika udmurtskogo dekorativno-prikladnogo iskusstva i ee svyaz' s mifo-religioznym kompleksom (Semantics of the Udmurt decorative and applied art and its connection with the mytho-religious complex). Available at: https://religious-life.ru/2012/02/vasileva-semantika-udmurtskogo-dekorativno-prikladnogo-iskusstva/ (accessed: 22.03.2022) (in Russian).
Vladykin, V. E. 1994. Religiozno-mifologicheskaya kartina mira udmurtov (Religious and mythological picture of the world of the Udmurts). Izhevsk: “Udmurtia” Publ. (in Russian).
Vladykina, T. G., Kirillova. L. E. 2017. Nauchnyy dialog (Nauchnyi dialog) (11), 232–246 DOI: 10.24224/2227-1295-2017-11-232-246. (in Russian)
Ivshin, L. M. 2018. In Ezhegodnik finno-ugorskikh issledovanii (Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies) 12 (3), 22–29 (in Russian).
Kapitonov, V. I., Kapitonova, O. A., Lebedeva, S. Kh., Perevoshchikov, A. A. 2002. In Gumanitarnyy ekologicheskiy zhurnal (Humanitarian Ecological Journal) Vol. 4, no. S, 21–27(in Russian).
In Shutova, N. I. (ed.). 2004. Kul'tovye pamiatniki Kamsko-Viatskogo regiona: Materialy i issledovaniia (Cult Monuments of the Kama-Vyatka Region: Materials and Studies). Izhevsk: Udmurtian Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Orlov, P. A. 1999. Veshchnyy mir udmurtov (k semantike material'noy kul'tury) (The Material world of the Udmurts (to the semantics of material culture)). Diss. of Candidate of Historical Sciences. Izhevsk (in Russian).
Perevozchikov, Yu. A. 2018. In Ezhegodnik finno-ugorskikh issledovanii (Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies) 12 (1), 141–153 (in Russian).
Sadikov, R. R. 2004. In Shutova, N. I. (ed.). Kul'tovye pamiatniki Kamsko-Viatskogo regiona: Materialy i issledovaniia (Cult Monuments of the Kama-Vyatka Region: Materials and Studies). Izhevsk: Udmurtian Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119–123 (in Russian).
Federal'nyy zakon № 73-FZ. Ob ob"ektakh kul'turnogo naslediya (pamyatnikakh istorii i kul'tury) narodov rossiyskoy federatsii. Prinyat Gosudarstvennoy Dumoy 24 maya 2002 goda, odobren Sovetom Federatsii 14 iyunya 2002 goda (Federal Law No. 73-FZ. About objects of cultural heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation. Adopted by the State Duma on May 24, 2002, approved by the Federation Council on June 14, 2002). Moscow: “Prospect” Publ.; Saint Petersburg: “Codex” Publ. (in Russian).
Chirkova, E. Yu. 2010. In Cherashnyaya, D. I. (ed.). Etnogenez udmurtskogo naroda. Etnos. Yazyk. Kul'tura. Religiya (Ethnic genesis of the Udmurts. Ethnicity. Language. Culture. Religion). Izhevsk: Udmurt State University, 57–60 (in Russian).
Churakov, V. S. 2013. In Vestnik Cheliabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriia (Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University. History Series) 58, no. 36 (327), 19–24 (in Russian).
Shutova, N. I. 2001. Dokhristianskie kul'tovye pamyatniki v udmurtskoy religioznoy traditsii (Pre-Christian Cult Monuments of the Udmurt Religious Tradition). Izhevsk: Udmurt Institute of History, Language, and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Shutova, N. I. 2011. In Ezhegodnik finno-ugorskikh issledovanii (Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies) (2), 56–71 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 M.A. Mikhailova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
