Silvered and Gilded Imitations of "Double-Headed Bird" Type Jochid Coins from the Middle Volga Region and the Southern Cis-Urals

Authors

  • Igor E. Alekseev Department of the Head (Rais) of the Republic of Tatarstan on internal policy. Kremlin, Kazan, 420111, the Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation;

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.3.14.20

Keywords:

archaeology, numismatics, State of the Jochids (Golden Horde), Bolgar lands, copper coins of the XIV century, type of coins with the image of a «double-headed bird», imitations, silvering, gilding, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Kirov region

Abstract

The article deals with the imitations of copper Jochid coins of the XIV century that have signs of silvering and gilding, imitating coins of the state «New Sarai» type with the image of a «double-headed bird» («double-headed eagle»). The author has established that they are not unique (their issue was serial). Hypotheses about the reasons for the appearance, methods of production, possible purpose and region of minting of silvered and gilded imitations of Jochid copper coins are put forward and analyzed.The most reasonable assumptions are that metal raw materials were used in their production, which were copper products coated with silver and gold (ware, plates, etc.). This practice could be due to a shortage of ordinary copper raw materials. The considered numismatic monuments were probably minted in the former Bolgar lands within the Jochid State («Ulus of Bolgar » or « Vilayat of Bolgar ») and were intended for local circulation.

References

Klokov, V. B., Lebedev, V. P. 2000. In Petrov, P. N. (ed.-in-chief). Drevnosti Povolzh’ia i drugikh regionov (Antiquities of the Volga River Region and Other Areas) III = Numizmaticheskii sbornik (Numismatic Proceedings) 2. Moscow: “Informelektro” Publ., 56–147( in Russian).

Klokov, V. B., Lebedev, V. P. 2002. In Petrov, P. N. (ed.-in-chief). Drevnosti Povolzh’ia i drugikh regionov (Antiquities of the Volga River Region and Other Areas) IV Numizmaticheskii sbornik (Numismatic Proceedings) 3. Moscow: “Informelektro” Publ., 73–165 (in Russian).

Lebedev, V. P., Pavlenko, V. M. 2008. In Evglevskii, A. V. (ed.-in-chief). Stepi Evropy v epokhu srednevekov’ia (Steppes of Europe in the Middle Ages) 6. Donetsk: Donetsk National University, 415–486 (in Russian).

Savosta, R. Yu. 2013. Mednye monety Zolotoy Ordy. Zapadnaya chast' Ulusa Dzhuchi. (Copper coins of the Golden Horde. Western part of the Ulus of Jochi. Catalogue). Lugansk: “Maksim” Publ (in Russian).

Pozolochennye zolotoordynskie puly. RASMIR – Material'naya kul'tura Vostoka (Gilded Golden Horde puls. RASMIR – Material culture of the East). Available at: URL: http://rasmir.com/FORUM/topic/22310-pozolochennye-zolotoordynskie-puly/ (accessed 14.12.2023) (in Russian).

Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. 2003. Denezhnoe delo Zolotoi Ordy (Coinage of the Golden Horde). Moscow: “Paleograf” Publ. (in Russian).

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Published

2024-06-28

How to Cite

Alekseev , I. E. (2024). Silvered and Gilded Imitations of "Double-Headed Bird" Type Jochid Coins from the Middle Volga Region and the Southern Cis-Urals. Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh Stepei (Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes), (3), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.3.14.20

Issue

No. 3 (2024)

Section

Research and Publication

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Copyright (c) 2024 I.E. Alekseev

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