Golden Horde Time Burial with a Log Fence on the Left Bank of the Lower Dniester
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.3.246.261Keywords:
archaeology, radiocarbon dating, Askiz culture, Middle Ages nomads, burial, fence, barrow, plunder, Dniester river region, Ulus of Juchi, Golden HordeAbstract
Four barrows of the “Sputnik” group were studied in 2014 on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The main burial of barrow 2 was surrounded on the ancient horizon by a log structure like a fence. The burial was completely robbed. The date originally proposed (in 2015) for this barrow was based on the formal similarity of this fence with the wooden structures from the barrows at the village of Butory, surrounded the Scythian graves of the IV century BC. The radiocarbon dates of logs and horse bones, obtained later (in 2023), indicated the connection of the site with the Golden Horde period. This required a rethinking of the materials and a search for other analogies. It was established that the iron belt divider from the plunderer's pit belongs to items of the Askiz type and should be associated not with the plunderers, but with the destroyed main burial of a noble warrior-horseman of the second half of the XIII–XIV centuries. Analogies of the log structure surrounding this burial were identified previously in the Lower Dnieper and in the Volga regions. Barrow 2 of the “Sputnik” group extended the boundaries of the spread of sites with log fences to the western regions of the Ulus of Jochi. The experience of radiocarbon dating has made it possible to correct the errors of traditional dating. It demonstrated that this method can be successfully used in the study of archaeological sites of the Middle Ages.
References
Abyzova, E. N., Byrnia, P. P., Nudel'man, A. A. 1981. Drevnosti Starogo Orkheia. Zolotoordynskii period (Antiquities of Old Orhei. The Golden Horde Period). Kishinev: “Shtiintsa” Publ. (in Russian).
Boguslavsky, G. S. 2015 In Bocharov, S. G., Sitdikov, А. G. (eds.). Genuezskaya Gazariya i Zolotaya Orda (Genoese Gazaria and the Golden Horde). Kazan, Simferopol, Kishinev: “Stratum plus” Publ., 559–572 (in Russian).
Brandenburg, N. E. 1908. Zhurnal raskopok 1888–1902 gg. (Journal of Excavations in 1888-1902). Saint Petersburg: “Tovarishchestvo R. Golike i A. Vilborg” Publ. (in Russian).
Gurenko, L. V., Sitnikov, A. V. 2019. In Kruglov, E. V. Lapshin, A. S., Lapshina, I. Yu. (eds.). Arkheologiya kak zhizn' – pamyati Evgeniya Pavlovicha Mys'kova (Archaeology as Life – In Memory of Evgeny Pavlovich Myskov) Volgograd: “Sfera” Publ., 239–249 (in Russian).
Dvornichenko, V. V., Smirnov, A. S., Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. 1976. Otchet o raskopkakh kurganov v Astrakhanskoy oblasti v 1976 g. (Report on the excavations of barrows in the Astrakhan region in 1976). Moscow. Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the RAS. R.1, inv. 6719, 6719 в (in Russian).
Dobrolyubskii, A. O. 1986. Kochevniki Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomor'ya v epokhu srednevekov'ya (Nomads of the North-Western Black Sea Region in the Middle Ages). Kiev: “Naukova dumka” (in Russian).
Dremov, I. I. Kruglov, E. V. 2021. In Nizhnevolzhskiy Arkheologicheskiy Vestnik (Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin) 20 (2), 149–168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2021.2.7 (in Russian).
Dremov, I. I., Kruglov, E. V. 2022. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 3, 243–248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2022.3.243.248 (in Russian).
Dremov, I. I., Kruglov, E. V. 2023. In Prokopenko, Y. A. (eds.). Iz istorii kul'tury narodov Severnogo Kavkaza (From the history of the culture of theNorth Caucasian peoples) 16. Stavropol; Moscow: “Pechatnyy Dvor” Publ., 391–422 (in Russian).
Egorov, V. L. 1980. In Beskrovniy, L. G. (ed.). Kulikovskaia bitva (The Battle of Kulikovo Pole). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 174–213 (in Russian).
Mirgaleev, I. M., Khautala, R. (eds.). 2016. Zolotaya Orda v mirovoy istorii (The Golden Horde in World History). Kazan: Institute of History named after Sh. Mardzhani, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Usmanov, M. A. (ed.). 2009. Istoriia tatar s drevneishikh vremen v semi tomakh. Tom III: Ulus Dzhuchi (Zolotaia Orda). XIII – seredina XV (History of the Tatars since Ancient Times in seven volumes. Volume 3: The Ulus of Jochi (the Golden Horde). 13th – mid-15th cc.). Kazan: Institute of History named after Shigabuddin Mardzhani, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Kozlov, D. A. 2022. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 3, 249–263 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2022.3.249.263 (in Russian).
Kurgannyy mogil’nik Klin I (Kurgan Cemetery Klin I). URL: http://rosarheolog.ru/kurgannyj-mogilnik-klin-1-kurgan-1/ (accessed 21 April 2021).
Kyzlasov, I. L. 1983. Askizskaya kul'tura Yuzhnoy Sibiri X–XIV vv. (Askizskaya Culture of South Siberia in the 10th –14th cc.). Series: Svod Arkheologicheskikh Istochnikov (Corpus of Archaeological Sources) E3-18. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Kyzlasov, I. L. 2010. In Makarov, N. A., Koval’, V. Yu. (eds.). Rus’ i Vostok v IX–XVI vekakh: Novye arkheologicheskie issledovaniia (Rus’ and Orient in 9th – 16th Centuries: Recent Archaeological Studies). Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences; “Nauka” Publ., 139–162 (in Russian).
Mys'kov, E. P. 2015. Kochevniki Volgo-Donskikh stepei v epokhu Zolotoi Ordy (Nomads of the Volga-Don Steppes in the Golden Horde Period). Volgograd: “RANKhiGS” Publ. (in Russian).
Myts, V. L. 2001. In Stepanenko, V. P. (ed.). Antichnaia drevnost' i srednie veka (Antiquities and the Middle Ages) 32. Ekaterinburg: Ural Federal University, 245–256 (in Russian).
Ol'khovskiy, V. S. 1991. Pogrebal'no-pominal'naya obryadnost' naseleniya stepnoy Skifii (VII–III vv. do n.e.) (Burial and Commemorative Rites of the Population of Steppe Scythia (7th – 3rd Centuries B.C.)). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Pletneva, S. A. 1973. Drevnosti chernykh klobukov (Antiquities of Chorni Klobuky) Series: Svod Arkheologicheskikh Istochnikov (Corpus of Archaeological Sources) Е1–19. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Pletneva, S. A. 2003. Aibabin, A. I. (ed.). Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii (Materials ín the Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria) X. Simferopol: “Tavriia” Publ., 307–321 (in Russian).
Rudenko, K. A. 2001. Tiurkskii mir i Volgo-Kamьe v XI–XIV vv.: Izdeliia askizskogo kruga v Srednem Povolzhie (Turkic World and the Volga-Kama Region in the 11th –14th cc.: Articles of the Askiz Range in the Middle Volga Кegion). Kazanь: “Zaman” Publ. 141 (in Russian).
Russev, N. D. 2015. In Bocharov, S. G., Sitdikov, А. G. (eds.). Genuezskaya Gazariya i Zolotaya Orda (Genoese Gazaria and the Golden Horde). Kazan, Simferopol, Kishinev: “Stratum plus” Publ., 19–38 (in Russian).
Sinika, V. S. 2023. Skifskaya arkheologicheskaya kul'tura III–II vv. do n. e. Severo-Zapadnogo Prichernomor'ya (Scythian Archaeological Culture of the 3 rd–2 nd Centuries BC in North-West Black Sea Region). Tiraspol; Kishinev: “Stratum plus” Publ. (in Russian).
Sinika, V. S., Razumov, S. N., Lysenko, S. D., Tel'nov, N. P. 2015. In Bruiako, I. V. (ed.). Materialy po arkheologii Severnogo Prichernomor'ia (Materials on the History of the Northern Black Sea Region) 13. Odessa: “SMIL” Publ., 164–194 (in Russian).
Sinika, V. S., Razumov, S. N., Tel'nov, N. P. 2013. In Valchak, S. B. (ed.). Arkheologicheskie pamiatniki Pridnestrov'ia (Archaeological Monuments of the Dniester Region) I. Tiraspol: Transnistrian State University named after T.G. Shevchenko (in Russian).
Stashenkov, D. A., Kochkina, A. F., Turetsky, M. A., Gazimzyanov, R. I., Gasilin, V. V., Khokhlov, A. A. 2021. In Stratum Plus (5), 309–333 (in Russian).
Tropin, N. A. 2018а. In Burtsev, I. G. (ed.). Gorod Srednevekov'ya i rannego Novogo vremeni: Arheologiya, Istoriya (The city of the Middle Ages and early modern era. Archaeology. History) VI. Tula: “Kulikovo pole” Publ., 315–319 (in Russian).
Tropin, N. A. 2018b. In Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii (Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology) 253, 277–292 (in Russian).
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. 1966. Kochevniki Vostochnoi Evropy pod vlast’iu zolotoordynskikh khanov: Arkheologicheskie pamiatniki (East-European Nomads under the Golden Horde’s Khans: Archaeological Sites). Moscow: Moscow State University (in Russian).
Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. 1984. In Sunchugashev, Ya. I. (ed.). Voprosy drevney istorii Yuzhnoy Sibiri (The Issues of Ancient History of Southern Siberia). Abakan: Khakassia Scientific and Research Language, Literature, History and Ethnography Institute, 98–108 (in Russian).
Shabuldo, F. M. 2017. In Zolotoordynskaya tsivilizatsiia (The Golden Horde civilization) (10), 267–282 (in Russian).
Shalobudov, V. N. 1982. In Kovaleva, I. F. (ed.). Drevnosti Stepnogo Podneprov'ya III–I tys. do n.e. (Antiquities of the Steppe Dnieper region III–I millennia BC)). Dnepropetrovsk: Dnepropetrovsk State University, 60–68 (in Russian).
Shalobudov, V. N. 1984. In Kovaleva, I. F. (ed.). Problemy arkheologii Podneprov'ia (Archaeological Issues of the Dnieper Region). Dnepropetrovsk: Dnepropetrovsk State university, 166–173 (in Russian).
Shalobudov, V. N., Kudryavtseva, I. V. 1980. In Kovaleva, I. F. (ed.). Kurgany Stepnogo Podneprov'ya (Barrows of the Steppe Dnieper region). Dnepropetrovsk: Dnepropetrovsk State University, 90–97 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 E.V. Kruglov, V.S. Sinika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
