Golden Horde Burials on the Territory of the City and the Necropolis of Bytygai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.3.383.391Keywords:
archaeology, Middle Ages, Ulus of Jochi, ancient settlements, caravanserai, necropolis, mausoleum, burial, terracotta bricks, radiocarbon datingAbstract
The paper presents the results of field archaeological research on the territory of the Bytygai settlement, where burials of the period of the Ulus of Jochi were identified. Two burials were revealed by indirect evidence on the surface of the ground, two more burials were found by the method of full uncover of the soil. The absolute age was obtained by radiocarbon dating. The authors used field materials obtained during archaeological studies on the territory of the monument in the 2021–2023 field seasons. The basis for the interpretation was grave structures, descriptions of burial chambers, anthropological material, as well as burial rites. For the first time, materials from the Bytygai settlement and are introduced into scientific discourse. In addition to the traditional methods used in archaeological studies, such as stratigraphy, analogy, interdisciplinary study has been carried out. The results are preliminary, since a comprehensive study of such a complicated archaeological site has not been carried out previously. Bytygai settlement and necropolis have specific features related to the steppe landscape. The structural and architectural objects that form the settlement differ from other cities and settlements of the Golden Horde period in the Volga region, western and southern Kazakhstan.
References
Bilyalova, G. D. 2022. Sakral'naya praktika naseleniya Saryarki epokhi Zolotoy Ordy (Sacred practice of the population of Saryarka during the Golden Horde period). PhD thesis. Astana: Eurasian National University (in Russian).
Valikhanov, Ch. Ch. 1964. In Valikhanov, Ch. Ch. Sobranie sochinenii v pyati tomakh (Collected works in five volumes) 3. Almaty: Kazakh Soviet Encyclopedia Publ., 29–38 (in Russian).
Margulan, A. Kh. 1950. Iz istorii gorodov i stroitel'nogo iskusstva drevnego Kazakhstana (From the history of cities and building art of ancient Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR (in Russian).
Eleuov, M. 2000. Otchet o nauchno-issledovatel'skoy rabote v 1999 g. Srednevekovye goroda, mesta obitaniya i karavannye puti rayonov Saryarka, Shu, Talas, Keles (Report on research work in 1999. Medieval cities, habitats and caravan routes of the Saryarka, Shu, Talas, Keles regions). Astana. Archive of the Research Institute named after K.A. Akishev at the Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilev. F. 6. Inventory № 1–8. Astana (in Russian).
Yesen S.Ġ. 2023. Sarıarqanıñ ortağasırlıq jerlew eskertkişterin pänaralıq baylanıstar negizinde zerttew (Study of the medieval burial monuments of Saryarka on the basis of interdisciplinary connections). PhD thesis. Astana (in Kazakh)
Sembi, M. K. 2015. In Kozhakhmetov, B. S., Usmanova, E. R., Pletnikova, L. N., Sembinova, L. A. (eds.). Bulatiskaia bitva: istoriia issledovanii (Ulytau, 27−28 iiunia 2015 g.) (Bulantin Battle: Study History (Ulytau, Juny, 27th – 28th)). Ulytau: National Historical-Cultural Museum-Reserve, 150–153.
Sakenov, S. K., Kukushkin, A. I., Burbayeva, S. B., Bukesheva, G. K., Rakhmankulov, E. Zh. 2021. In Teoriia i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovanii (Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research) 1 (35), 267–283 (in Russian).
Smagulov, T. N. 2011. In Beisenov, A. Z. (ed.). Arkheologiia Kazakhstana v epokhu nezavisimosti: itogi, perspektivy (Archaeology of Kazakhstan in the Period of Independence: Results, Perspectives) 3. Almaty: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Margulan, 118–125 (in Russian).
Smagulov, T. N. 2012. Kalbasunskaya bashnya (Kalbasun Tower). Almaty: “Khikary (in Russian).
Tulibayeva, Zh. M., Tulibayev, T. E. 2022. In Voprosy istorii (Issues of History). 5 (2), 67–78 (in Russian)
Khabdulina, M. K., Bilyalova, G. D., Bonora, Zh. L. 2018. In Narody i religii Evrazii (Nations and Religion of Eurasia) 14 (1), 16–30. (in Russian)
Yarygin, S. A. 2011. In Khabdulina, M. K. (ed.). Margulanovskie chteniia-2011 (Margulan Readings-2011 (Astana, April 20th–22nd, 2011)). Astana: L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 384–391 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 S.K. Sakenov, O.D. Mysyr, A.S. Ganieva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
