Warrior Burial of the Kimak Period from the Kazakh Altai
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.3.392.402Keywords:
archaeology, Middle Ages, Kimak Khaganate, Eastern Kazakhstan, Kazakh Altai, barrow, grave goods, warriorʼs equipment, jewelry, weapons, saberAbstract
The article publishes the materials of the burial mound No. 22 of the Kansar necropolis, located in the Kazakh Altai and dated to the VIII–IX centuries. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the burial of a high-ranking warrior from the Kimak tribal union, accompanied by an extensive set of weapons. This highlights his prestigious position in society. The article describes in detail the characteristics of the burial and the accompanying inventory, including an exquisitely decorated saber, iron arrowheads, an adze axe and an iron knife. The emphasis is placed on the analysis of the decorative and functional features of the saber, which is a key object of burial and testifies to the cultural contacts of the Kimaks with neighboring peoples. The article also reveals important aspects of the Kimak culture and military traditions, emphasizing the art of making weapons and the military power of this people. The study highlights the importance of the Kimaks in the history of Central and Central Asia, their role in shaping the cultural and political landscape of the region. The finds of barrow No. 22 open up new perspectives for understanding the cultural characteristics of the Kimak epoch and emphasize the importance of continuing research in this area
References
Akishev, K. A. (ed.). 1987. Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki v zone zatopleniya Shul'binskoy GES (Archaeological Sites in the Flooding Area of Shulbinskaya Hydroelectric Power Station). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Alekhin, Yu. P. 1998. In Kiryushin, Yu. F., Shamshin, A. B. (eds.). Sokhranenie i izuchenie kul'turnogo naslediia Altaiskogo kraia (Preservation and Study of the Cultural Heritage of Altai Krai) 9. Barnaul: Altai State University, 201–203 (in Russian).
Arslanova, F. Kh. 1969. In Akishev, K.A. (ed). Kul'tura drevnikh skotovodov i zemledel'tsev Kazakhstana (Culture of ancient cattle breeders and farmers of Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ., 43–57 (in Russian).
Arslanova, F. Kh. 1972. In Akishev, K. A. Poiski i raskopki v Kazakhstane (Searches and Excavations in Kazakhstan). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ., 56–76 (in Russian).
Arslanova, F. Kh. 1983. In Matyushchenko, V.I. (ed). Etnokul'turnye protsessy v Zapadnoy Sibiri (Ethnic and cultural processes in Western Siberia). Tomsk: Tomsk State University, 105–117 (in Russian).
Arslanova, F. Kh. 1987. In Matyushchenko, V. I. (ed.). Istochniki po istorii Zapadnoy Sibiri. Istoriya i arkheologiya (Sources on the history of Western Siberia. History and archaeology). Omsk: Omsk State University, 50–69 (in Russian).
Arslanova, F. Kh. 1991. In Khudiakov, Yu. S., Skobelev, S. G. (eds.). Problemy srednevekovoy arkheologii Yuzhnoy Sibiri i sopredel'nykh territoriy (Issues of medieval archaeology of Southern Siberia and adjacent territories). Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk State Unibersity (in Russian).
Arslanova, F. Kh. 2013. Ocherki srednevekovoy arkheologii Verkhnego Priirtysh'ya (Essays on medieval archaeology of the Upper Irtysh region). Series: Materialy i issledovaniya po arkheologii Kazakhstana (Materials and Research on the Archaeology of Kazakhstan). Vol. 3. Astana: “Izdatel'skaya gruppa Kazakhskogo NII kul'tury” Publ. (in Russian).
Akhinzhanov, S. M. 1995. Kypchaki v istorii srednevekovogo Kazakhstana (The Kipchaks in the history of medieval Kazakhstan). Almaty: “Ġylym” Publ. (in Russian).
Gorbunov, V. V. 2006. Voennoe delo naseleniya Altaya v III–XIV vv. Ch. II: Nastupatel'noe vooruzhenie (oruzhie). (Altai Population’s Military Science in 3th – 4th Century A.D. Part II. Offensive weaponry (arms)). Barnaul: State University (in Russian).
Gorbunov, V. V. 2016. In Efimov, S. V. (ed.). Voina I oruzhie. Novye issledobvaniia I materialy (War and Weapons: New Studies and Materials). Saint Petersburg: Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer and Signal Corps, 131–147 (in Russian).
Gorbunov, V. V., Tishkin A. A., Semibratov, V. P. 2020. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 6, 234–247 (in Russian).
Gorbunov, V. V., Tishkin, A. A. 2022. Kurgany srostkinskoy kul'tury na Priobskom plato (Barrows of the Srostkinsk culture on the Ob Plateau). Barnaul: Altai State University (in Russian).
Gryaznov, M. P. 1956. Istoriya drevnikh plemen Verkhney Obi po raskopkam bliz s. Bol'shaya Rechka (History of the ancient tribes of the Upper Ob according to excavations nearby the village of Bolshaya Rechka). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Zuev, Yu. A. 2002. Rannie tyurki: ocherki istorii i ideologii (Early Turks: essays on history and ideology). Almaty: “Dayk-Press” Publ. (in Russian).
Kubarev, G. V. 2005. Kul'tura drevnikh tiurok Altaia (po materialam pogrebal'nykh pamiatnikov) (Culture of the Ancient Turks of Altai (on the Basis of Materials from Burial Monuments)). Novosibirsk: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Archaeology and Ethnography (in Russian).
Kumekov, B. E. 1971. In Olderogge, D. A., Romodin, V. A. (eds.). Strany i narody Vostoka. (Countries and peoples of the East) 10 Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 94−198 (in Russian)
Kumekov, B. E. 1972. Gosudarstvo kimakov IX–XI vv. po istochnikam (The State of the Kimaks in the 9th – 11th Centuries According to Sources). Alma-Ata: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Mogilnikov, V. A. 1981. In Pletneva, S. A. (ed.). Stepi Evrazii v epokhu srednevekov’ia (Eurasian Steppes in the Middle Ages). Series: Archaeology of the USSR 18. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 43–46 (in Russian).
Mogilnikov, V. A. 2002. Kochevniki severo-zapadnykh predgorii Altaia v IX–XI vekakh (Nomads of the North-Western Foothills of Altai in the 9th-11th Centuries). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Nesterov, S. P. 1981. In Khudiakov, Yu. S. (ed). Voennoe delo drevnikh plemen Sibiri i Tsentral'noy Azii (Military organization of the ancient tribes of Siberia and Central Asia). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ., 168–172 (in Russian).
Omarov, G. K., Besetaev, B. B. 2019. In Velikaya step': istoriya i kul'tura. Mir drevnikh tyurkov. Katalog vystavki (The Great Steppe: history and culture. The world of the ancient Turks. Exhibition catalogue) III. Nur-Sultan, 34–41 (in Russian).
Samashev, Z. S. 2016. In Derevyanko, A. P., Molodin, V. I. (eds.) Altay v krugu evraziiskih drevnostei (Altay in the Circle of Eurasian Antiquities). Novosibirsk: Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Archaeology and Ethnography Publ., 379–409 (in Russian).
Savinov, D. G. 2005. In Korol, G. G. (ed.). Arkheologiya Yuzhnoy Sibiri: idei, metody, otkrytiya (Archaeology of Southern Siberia: ideas, methods, discoveries). Krasnoyarsk: RIO KGPU, 136–140 (in Russian).
Khasenova, B. M., Omarov, G. K., Besetaev, B. B., Khabdulina, M. K. 2021. In Oriental Studies 14 (6), 1188–1209 (in Russian).
Khudiakov, Yu. S. 1986. Vooruzhenie srednevekovykh kochevnikov Iuzhnoi Sibiri i Tsentral’noi Azii (Arms of the Medieval Nomads of the Sourthern Siberia and Central Asia). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Khudiakov, Yu. S., Plotnikov, Yu. A. 1995. In Martynov, A. I. (ed.). Voennoe delo i srednevekovaia arkheologiia Tsentral'noi Azii (Warfare and Medieval Archaeology of Central Asia). Kemerovo: “Kuzbassvuzizdat” Publ., 92–107 (in Russian).
Chotbaev, A. E. 2020. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 31 (1), 135–145 (in Russian).
Yuzeev, A. N. 2018. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 1, 81–88 (in Russian).
Omarov, G., Besetayev, B., Khassenova, B., Aitkali, A., Altynbekov, K., Sapatayev, S., Sagyndykova, S. 2022. In Archaeological Research in Asia. (31) September, 100389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2022.100389
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Z. Samashev, A.K. Aitkali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
