Steppe and the Volga-Kama Finns and Ugrians: issues of contacts in the second half of the I millennium AD in archaeological interpretation (using the example of belt sets)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.4.326.335Keywords:
archaeology, the Ugrians, the Finns, nomads, belt, belt setAbstract
Based on the results of research by T.B. Nikitina and N.B. Krylasova on the typology and chronology of the belt set from burial grounds of the VIII–XIII centuries in the Vyatka-Vetluga interfluve (ancient Mari people) and the Middle Kama region (Finno-Permyaks, bearers of the Rodan archaeological culture), the author of the article provides comparative geographical statistics of the distribution in the region of intact belt sets, consisting of a buckle, mounts and belt-end. The results obtained show that in the VIII–IX centuries intact belts are concentrated mainly in the burial grounds of the ancient Ugrians-Hungarians of the Kama region and the Southern Ural, significantly exceeding the burial grounds of the Mari and Mordvins in frequency of occurrence. Probably, due to the migration of the Hungarians from the Cis-Urals the belts and their details could have been deposited in the burial grounds of the ancient Mordvins. In the X–XI centuries “statistical leadership” in the use of intact belts goes to the Volga Finns – the Mari. Among the Ugrians of the Southern Cis-Urals belts are not found at all, and among the nomadic Pechenegs – just a few. The less frequent distribution of these items among the Kama Finno-Permyaks – bearers of the Rodanovo culture – even if they had their own production, is probably explained by the influence of Islam, the center of which spread in the Kama region was the Bolgar outpost town of Afkula.
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