What Nomads Borrowed from the Sedentary Population and Vice Versa: based on archaeological materials of the Volga-Urals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.5.48.59Keywords:
Mordvins, Mari, Finno-Permyaks, Pechenegs, Oghuzes, Kipchaks/ Polovtsians, trade relationsAbstract
This article tests the hypothesis about the possible direct interaction of the sedentry tribes of the forest Volga region and Cis-Urals - the Mordvins, Mari and Finno-Permyaks - the ancestors of the Udmurts with the nomads of the steppe zone of the region - the Pechenegs, Oguzes and Kipchaks / Polovtsians - in the X-XIV centuries. On the one hand, it is known that Volga Bolgaria, starting from the 11th century, acted as a transmitter of the impulse for the development of the material culture of settled and (it is less known) nomadic tribes in the region. On the other hand, it can be assumed that nomads and settled populations could have direct contact, since the material culture of both has common components. In this regard, the X-XI centuries are of special interest, when Volga Bolgaria in its economic development had not yet reached the level of an area-forming factor in the region. However, the results of a comparative and statistical analysis of the material culture complexes of settled and nomadic tribes in the Volga and Cis-Ural regions completely destroy this concept. This once again proves the idea that the world of nomads and the world of settled forest tribes are two completely different mentalities, the cultural connection between which is impossible.
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