History of Discovery and Study of the Monuments of the Ulus of Jochi-Khasar and His Descendants in Transbaikalia (to the 300th anniversary of the first expedition of the Imperial Academy of Sciences to the East of Siberia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.5.126.140Keywords:
archaeology, Transbaikalia, ancient Mongolian urban settlements, Khirkhira settlement, Ulus of Jochi-Hasar, planigraphy, residential architecture, manor buildings, craft, cattle breeding, agricultureAbstract
The discovery of medieval monuments in Siberia by the first expedition of the Imperial Academy of Sciences headed by D.G. Messerschmidt is 300 this year. This was the beginning of the study of the history of Central Asia, related to the reasons for the appearance and development of ancient Mongolian urban settlements in Transbaikalia. The solution of these problems has been approached more than once, and despite the large accumulated scientific material, they still remain topical. The purpose of our study is to introduce into scientific duscourse new data got by the expedition of A.R. Artemyev (1997-2005) during the study of the monuments of the Ulus of Jochi-Khasar and its descendants in Transbaikalia. A new instrumental survey of the monument to the city of Yesungu Khan using aerial photography data made it possible to find out that the main urban core of the settlement has a length of about 2.5 km from west to east and about 1.5 km from north to south. Its planning was clarified by the preserved structures. The new materials obtained from the Khirkhira settlement are still the most representative archaeological collection in Central Asia, characterizing the level of development of crafts, trade, cattle breeding and agriculture of the Mongols, convincingly proving the transition of a significant part of the population of Eastern Transbaikalia in the XIII century to sedentary life.
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