SOUTHERN PART OF THE CIS–BAIKAL ON THE EVE OF THE FORMATION OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE

Abstract

In the 12th century Mongol-speaking, Turkic-speaking and Tungus-speaking groups of the population lived in the Southern Baikal region. At the same time the fi rst of them by the end of century become dominating that promoted distribution of the cultural traditions approved in their environment on other groups of the population. This infl uence is fi xed in an inventory complex (weapon, horse equipment, jewelry) and a funeral ritual. Bows with complicated structure with the central horn plate having the extending ends and also flat tanged tips of arrows are widely adopted. In horse equipment the dominant position is held by a bit with ring check–pieces, arch stirrups with a wide footboard and stirrup leather in a handle. The earrings found in women's burials are hamose, reminding the sign "?", on them are fastened one or several round beads forming the hanging–down clusters. The dead were buried in a vertical sepulchral hole over which the stone laying of a round form was constructed. Buried settled down in a wooden intra sepulchral design (a pack, a coffi n, a frame) is extended, on a back,-headed on the North – the northeast. At the beginning of the 13th century the southern Baikal region is a part of the Mongol Empire, becoming its northern periphery, and the processes of cultural unifi cation living here the people begin to take place even more actively.