FEATURES OF THE CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CULTURAL LAYER OF THE BOLGAR SITE, DEPENDING ON THE NATURE OF THE USE OF THE TERRITORY

Abstract

A study of the chemical and microbiological properties of the cultural layer of the Bolgar site, depending on the nature of the use of the territory, was conducted. As objects of study, the administrative and commercial center of the city, an elite residential area and a cemetery were chosen. It is established that in the central part of the city a high anthropogenic load caused a sharp increase in the
content of phosphorus and a number of other biogenic and technogenic elements. Mainly the mineral nature of phosphates in the cultural layer of this part of the city is shown, which indicates the intake of phosphorus in the form of ash. Layers with high urease activity were isolated, which indicates livestock maintenance and periodic accumulation of manure. In the residential zone, the enrichment of the cultural layer with microelements is less pronounced, the accumulation of phosphorus is associated with the entry of organic products – household waste, food residues, etc. – into the cultural layer. Urease activity is low, which excludes the fact of livestock keeping in this part of the city. On the territory there was a minimum load on the soil, as a result of which all soil indicators are at the level of background values.