FIRST SCHEMES OF THE MEDIEVAL MONGOLIAN HILLFORTS OF TRANSBAIKALIA ACCORDING TO UNPUBLISHED SOURCES: P. K. FROLOV (1775-1839)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2021.4.96.109Keywords:
archaeology, P.K. Frolov, G.I. Spassky, mining engineers, Khirkhira, Konduy, medieval Mongolian sites of the 13th–14th cс., Transbaikal, schemes, “Siberian Bulletin”, 18th–19th cc., Konduy church, Nerzavod, Kolyvano-Voskresensk plantsAbstract
The paper deals with the publication of materials with more than 200 years of history, deposited in the archives of the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg. The materials in question are several schemes and a drawing from the “Album of Drawings of Various Siberian Antiquities” by P.K. Frolov. There are two Mongolian sites of the 13th–14th centuries which are known as Khirkhira fortress and Konduy town located in the southeast of Zabaykalsky Krai. A comparison of historical information and graphic materials from the album demonstrated that the time of their preparation cannot be dated to the period of P.K. Frolov’s official trip to Nerchinsk factories in 1798–1800. According to a comparison of the figure captions by P.K. Frolov with the construction start date of the Konduisky temple erected in honor of the Holy Mother and the saint martyrs Cyricus and Julitta, the schemes of Konduy town could not have been eliminated earlier than 1806 since the building materials of the archaeological monument were used in the construction of the church and not later than 1817 when the collection was purchased by the Imperial Public Library. Nevertheless, the schemes and drawings from the “Siberian Album” are the first graphic source on the history of the region’s archaeological sites, have a high level of craftsmanship, and contain information that unfortunately has not survived until today. In 1818 the materials from Frolov's Siberian album were used by G.I. Spassky, probably with the author’s permission. He wrote a paper for the “Siberian Bulletin” journal, published by him in St. Petersburg, and was rather unsuccessful in making copies of the materials. The publication of Frolov's schemes and maps will make it possible to clarify and complement some of the current reconstructions proposed by Russian architects.
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