BURIALS OF LUGOVSKAYA CULTURE FROM MURZIKHA II BURIAL GROUND IN THE ESTUARY TRANS-KAMA REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2021.1.298.323Keywords:
archaeology, Kuybyshev reservoir, Kama River, burial ground, burial, sacrifi cial complex, Late Bronze Age, Lugovskaya culture, Pozdnyakovo cultureAbstract
The Murzikha II burial ground is a multicultural necropolis which operated for several thousand years from the Eneolithic to the Early Iron Age. This paper addresses the burials of the Late Bronze Age belonging to the Lugovskaya culture. Most of the burials were performed with the deceased in a crouched position on the left side, and only one burial was performed using a cremation rite. The space between graves contained sacrifi cial complexes consisting of broken vessels. The burial items are represented by fl at-bottomed ceramics and metal objects, whereby all metal items were found in burials which did not contain ceramics. Some of the vessels were decorated in the tradition of the Pozdniakovo culture. The most notable fi nd is a double-edged dagger belonging to Loboikovka-Derbeden group of metal items of the Late Bronze Age. Another unusual metal fi nd was a cast bronze bead. The stratigraphy and radiocarbon analysis data and analogies make it possible to suggest that two chronologically different groups of burials of the Lugovskaya culture exist in the burial ground: early, organized in groups, and late - single burials. For single burials, the following radiocarbon age was determined - 1538–1400 BC.
References
Avanesova, N. A. 1991. Kul'tura pastusheskikh plemen epokhi bronzy aziatskoy chasti SSSR (po metallicheskim izdeliyam) (Culture of the Shepherd Tribes of the Bronze Age in the Asian Part of the USSR (Based on Metal Articles)). Tashkent: “FAN” Publ. (in Russian).
Azarov, E. S. 2013. In Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii (Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology) 230. 182–195 (in Russian).
Ashikhmina, L. I. 2014. Genezis anan’inskoi kul’tury v Srednem Prikam’e (po materialam keramiki i zhilishch) (Genesis of the Ananyino Culture in the Middle Kama Area (According to the Ceramics and Dwellings)). Series: Arkheologiia evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes) 19. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences; “Otechestvo” Publ. (in Russian).
Bader, O. N., Popova, T. B. 1987. In Bader, O. N., Krainov, D. A., Kosarev, M. F. (eds.). Epokha bronzy lesnoi polosy SSSR (The Bronze Age in the Forest Zone of the USSR). Series: Archaeology of the USSR 8. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 131–135 (in Russian).
Begovatov, E. A., Markov, V. N. 1992. In Starostin, P. N. (ed.). Arkheologicheskie pamiatniki zony vodokhranilishch Volgo-Kamskogo kaskada (Archaeological Sites in the Area of Water Reservoirs in the Volga-Kama Cascade). Kazan: Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Scientifi c Center, G. Ibragimov Language, Literature and History Institute, 57–72 (in Russian).
Bochkarev, V. S. 2017. In Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology (2), 159–204 (in Russian).
Zbrueva, A. V. 1960. In Smirnov, A. P. (ed.). Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR (Materials and Research in the USSR Archaeology) 80. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 10–95 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 1978. In Bader, O. N. (ed.). Drevnosti Iksko-Bel’skogo mezhdurech’ia (Antiquities of the Ik and Belaya Interfl uves Area). Kazan: Kazan Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 67–108 (in Russian).
Kazakov, E. P. 1992. In Mazhitov, N. A. (ed.). Materialy po arkheologii Iuzhnogo Urala (Materials of the Archaeology of the Southern Urals). Ufa: Bashkir State University, 35–44 (in Russian).
Kalinin, N. F., Khalikov, A. Kh. 1954. In Smirnov, A. P. (ed.). Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR (Materials and Research in the USSR Archaeology) 42. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 157–246 (in Russian).
Kolev, Yu. I. 2000. In Kabytov, I. S. (ed.-in chief). Istoriia Samarskogo Povolzh’ia s drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei. Bronzovyi vek (History of the Samara Volga Region from the Most Ancient to Modern Times. The Bronze Age). Samara: Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara Scientifi c Center, 242–301 (in Russian).
Krivtsova-Grakova, O. A. 1947. In Rubinshteyn, N. L. (ed.). Arkheologicheskii sbornik (Archaeological Collection of Papers). Series: Proceedings of the State Historical Museum 96. Moscow: State Historical Museum, 56–169 (in Russian).
Lyganov, A. V. 2017. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 21 (3), 97–116. DOI: 10.24852/pa2017.3.21.97.116 (in Russian).
Lyganov, A. V. 2018. In Vybornov, A. A. (ed.). XXI Ural'skoe arkheologicheskoe soveshchanie (21th Urals Archaeological Congress)). Samara: “Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education”, “Porto- Print” Publ., 128–130 (in Russian).
Lyganov, A. V. 2019. In Morgunova, N. L. (ed.). Arkheologicheskie pamiatniki Orenburzh’ia (Archaeological Sites of Orenburg Region) 14. Orenburg: Orenburg State Pedagogical University, 103–123 (in Russian).
Lyganov, A. V. 2020. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 33 (3), 144–158. DOI: 10.24852/pa2020.3.33.144.158 (in Russian).
Lyganov, A. V., Morozov, V. V., Azarov, E. S. 2019. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 2, 38−98 (in Russian).
Markov, V. N., Chizhevsky, A. A. 2003. In Staviskii, B. Ya, Burkhanov, A. A. (eds.). Arkheologicheskie issledovaniia i muzeino-kraevedcheskaia rabota v Volgo-Ural'skom regione. Drevnosti, izdavaemye rossiiskim arkheologicheskim obshchestvom (Archaeological Sudies, Museum and Local Lore Activities in the Volga-Ural Region. Antiquities Published by the Russian Archaeological Society) 36. Moscow-Kazan: “Gumanitarya”
Publ. (Tatar State Institute for Humanities), 125–133 (in Russian).
Obydennov, M. F., Shorin, A. F. 2005. Cherkaskul'skaia kul'tura (Cherkaskul Culture). Ufa: “Yuridicheskii kolledzh” Publ. (in Russian).
Soenov, V. I., Trifanova, S. V., Konstantinov, N. A., Shtanakova, E. A. 2009. In Drevnosti Sibiri i Tsentral'noi Azii (Antiquities of Siberia and Central Asia) 1–2. 3–16 (in Russian).
Semenova, A. P. 2000. In Kabytov, I. S. (ed.-in chief). Istoriia Samarskogo Povolzh’ia s drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei. Bronzovyi vek (History of the Samara Volga Region from the Most Ancient to Modern Times. The Bronze Age). Samara: Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara Scientifi c Center, 152–208 (in Russian).
Stavitskii, V. V. 2008. Glava 6. Bronzovyi vek (Chapter 6. Bronze Age) In Stavitskii, V. V., Shitov, V.N. (eds.). Arkheologiia Mordovskogo kraia: Kamennyi vek, epokha bronzy (Archaeology of the Mordva Land: Stone Age and Bronze Period). Saransk: Research Institute of the Humanities by the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, 134−209 (in Russian).
Stefanov, V. I., Korochkova, O. N. 2006. Urefty I: zaural’skii mogil’nik v andronovskom kontekste (Urefty I: Trans-Ural Burial Ground in Andronovo Context). Ekaterinburg: Ural University (in Russian).
Tekhov, B. V. 1977. Tsentral’nyi Kavkaz v XVI–X vv. do. n.e. (Central Caucasus in the 16th-10th cc. BC.). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian)
Tkachev, A. A., Tkachev, Al. Al. 2009. In Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografi i (Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography) 11, 81–89 (in Russian).
Umerenkova, O. V. 2011. Ukrasheniia epokhi brozy Zapadnoi Sibiri (arkheologicheskii i istoricheskii aspekty (Adornments of the Bronze Age from Western Siberia (Archaeological and Historical Aspects)). Thesis of Diss. of Candidate of historical sciences. Kemerovo (in Russian).
Usmanova, E. R. (ed.). 2013. Pamiatniki Lisakovskoi okrugi: arkheologicheskie siuzhety (Archaeology of Lisakovskiy Area). Karaganda – Lisakovsk: “Tengri Ltd” Publ. (in Russian).
Khalikov, A. Kh. 1980. Prikazanskaia kul’tura (The Prikazanskaya Culture). Series: Svod Arkheologicheskikh Istochnikov (Corpus of Archaeological Sources) 1-24. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Chernykh, E. N. 1976. Drevneishaia metallobrabotka na iugo-zapade SSSR (The Earliest Metalworking in the South-West of the USSR). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Chizhevsky A. A. 2004. In Nikitina, T. B., Solov’ev, B. S. (eds.). Vzaimodeistvie kul'tur v Srednem Povolzh'e v drevnosti i srednevekov'e (Interaction of Cultures in the Middle Volga Region in Antiquity and the Middle Ages). Series: Arkheologiia i etnografi ia Mariiskogo kraia (Archaeology and Ethnography of Mari Land) 27. Yoshkar-Ola: Mari Scientifi c and Research Language, Literature, and History Institute, 50–56 (in Russian).
Chizhevsky, A. A. 2008. Pogrebal'nye pamiatniki naseleniia Volgo-Kam'ia v fi nale bronzovogo – rannem zheleznom vekakh (predanan'inskaia i anan'inskaia kul'turno-istoricheskie oblasti) Burial sites of the population of Volga-Kama in the Final Bronze – Early Iron Ages (pre- Ananyino and Ananyino cultural and historical areals). Series: Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes, 5. Kazan: “Shkola” Publ. (in Russian).
Chizhevsky, A. A. 2008. In Derevyanko, A. P., Makarov, N. A. (eds.). Trudy II (XVIII) Vserossiiskogo arkheologicheskogo s″ezda v Suzdale 2008 g. (Proceedings of the 2nd (18th) All-Russia Archaeological Congress in Suzdal, 2008) I. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ., 367–371 (in Russian).
Chizhevsky, A. A., Shipilov, A. V. 2018. In Vybornov, A. A. (ed.). XXI Ural'skoe arkheologicheskoe soveshchanie (21th Urals Archaeological Congress)). Samara: “Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education”, “Porto-Print” Publ., 80–84 (in Russian).
Chizhevsky, A. A., Gubin, A. S., Lyganov, A. V. 2011. In Khuzin, F. Sh. (ed.). Uralo-Povolzh’e v drevnosti i srednevekov’e. V Khalikovskie chteniia (Ural and Volga Area in Antiquity and Middle Ages: 5th Khalikov Readings). Series: Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 11. Kazan: Institute of History, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 224–230 (in Russian).
Chizhevsky, A. A., Lyganov, A. V., Kuz'minykh, S. V. 2019. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 2, 99–123 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 A. V. Lyganov, A. A. Chizhevsky
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
