Bent Burials at Maksimovka I Eneolithic Burial Ground
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.1.314.327Keywords:
archaeology, Middle Volga region, Eneolithic, Samara River, Maksimovka I burial ground, bent burials, secondary burials, burial inventory.Abstract
The presented data on burials of the second ritual group with skeletons in a sitting and half-sitting position were obtained during excavations at the Maksimovka I ground burial ground in 2017–2022. The burial ground of the soil type is located on the left bank of the middle reaches of the Samara River. 16 burials of the Eneolithic era are analyzed. Traces of burial pits are rare. The buried was placed in the pit with the upper part of the body raised and the back and the back of the head resting against its wall. Orientation of head was fixed in the eastern sector. The arms were extended along the body with the hands on the knees or rested with the elbows on the bottom of the pit and with the hands in the abdomen. Legs were bent knees up. Among the burials of the second group there are skeletons with burnt skulls. They make up the fourth part of the second group. Ocher coloration was marked. Half of the burials contain inventory: pendant, shell beads and beads, bone and shell threads, marmot cutters, bone and stone pendants, beads made of stone and fossils, arrowheads, flint blades and flakes, scrapers, bone tools, a ring made of non-ferrous metal, abrasives, a chipper , hare bones, fish bones. Separate fragments of ceramics are often found in the backfill of grave pits. Secondary burials are represented by skulls and human bones stacked in a heap. The inventory of one of these burials coincides with the things found in the burials of the second group. The materials of the burials of the second group are close to the Murzikha II burial ground. Based on radiocarbon dating, a chronological range of 4400–3500 calBC is proposed for the burials of the second group, which allows them to be attributed to the Late Eneolithic of the Volga forest-steppe region.
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