ХЕРСОН ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIII – XIV ВВ.: К ХРОНОЛОГИИ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ ГОРОДА
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.2.283.294Ключевые слова:
археология, слой пожара XIII в., разрушение XIV в., Херсонес, Херсон, археологический комплекс, поливная керамика, Херсон в XIII-XIV вв.Аннотация
В статье кратко освещены основные подходы к рассмотрению истории Херсонеса на последних этапах существования (во второй половине XIII – XIV вв.) и дана критическая оценка некоторых из них. Работа разделена на две части. В первой части выполнена попытка уточнить датировку пожара, охватившего большую часть города в третьей четверти XIII в. и выдвинута гипотеза о возможности наличия двух слоев (в третьей четверти и конце XIII в.), связанных с разрушениями. Во второй части работы рассмотрены различные версии о разрушении города в XIV в. На основе анализа письменных источников и сопоставлении их с археологическим материалом сделано предположение о разрушении Херсона в ходе похода Мамая летом 1365 г. Вероятно, наряду с Херсоном, в значительной степени могла пострадать и его округа. Среди мест, которые могли пострадать во время похода Мамая – скит на мысе Виноградный.
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