Бронзовые и железные браслеты Барбашинского могильника из раскопок А.С. Башкирова в 1921 году
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.3.66.80Ключевые слова:
археология, эпоха средневековья, Золотая Орда, мордва, Барбашинский могильник, А.С. Башкиров, браслетыАннотация
Барбашинский могильник на территории г. Самара – крупнейший мордовский некрополь золотоордынского периода в Самарском Заволжье. В 1921 г. профессор Самарского университета
А.С. Башкиров исследовал не менее 71 погребения на памятнике, которые содержали богатый инвентарь, в том числе бронзовые и железные браслеты. В статье представлены результаты типологического анализа браслетов из раскопок А.С. Башкирова, хранящихся в фондах СОИКМ им. П.В. Алабина, предпринята попытка их систематизации и рассмотрения в контексте золотоордынских древностей Самарского Заволжья и других регионов. В общей сложности изучено 42 бронзовых и 2 железных браслета из женских комплексов (40 экз.), детских погребений (2 экз.), парного и неатрибутированного захоронений (по 1 экз.) Большая часть браслетов – дротовые (23 экз.), среди которых выделяются остроконечные, браслеты с расплющенными лопатковидными концами и тупоконечные, в т.ч. «змеиноголовые». Пластинчатые браслеты (14 экз.) богато декорированы сочетанием нескольких видов орнамента – мелким зигзагом, пуансонным орнаментом, розетками, рельефными полосками, насечками. Бронзовые витые (5 экз.) и железные браслеты (2 экз.) немногочисленны. В статье рассматриваются некоторые аспекты технологического производства бронзовых браслетов, характер орнамента и особенности его нанесения для различных типов браслетов в коллекции. Все браслеты находят широкие аналогии на синхронных памятниках Золотой Орды и Руси.
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