Спиралевидные подвески юга Восточной Европы: культурные и технологические истоки морфологии, способы ношения
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.2.25.35Ключевые слова:
археология, бронзовый век, юг Восточной Европы; спиралевидные подвески, ювелирное дело, серебряные украшения.Аннотация
В статье рассматривается происхождение спиралевидных подвесок в 1,5 и более оборотов, широко представленных в культурах Циркумпонтийской зоны в эпоху бронзы с конца IV тыс., в контексте эволюции морфологии и межкультурного взаимодействия. Основой для их возникновения в культурах степного пояса Восточной Европы могли послужить кольцевидные височные украшения, известные в энеолите восточной части Балкано-Карпатской металлургической провинции. Развитие навыков обработки металлов и эксперименты с составом металла позволили добиться более сложной, спиральной формы, знакомство с которой было обусловлено импортными изделиями из западного ареала провинции. Прослеживаются культурные предпочтения в материале изготовления данных подвесок, в частности, серебра, либо имитирующей серебро бронзы. Простая форма подвесок объясняется ограниченным количеством драгоценного металла и стандартными размерами слитков, в которых он поступал к мастерам-ювелирам. Приводятся возможные способы ношения и крепления данных подвесок. Особое внимание уделяется аспекту парности, проявляющейся в разных направлениях закрутки спирали и одинаковом количестве витков у пары подвесок.
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