Культурно-хронологические аспекты развития материальной культуры раннего железного века городища «Ройский Шихан»

Авторы

  • Эдуард Игоревич Оруджов Институт археологии им. А.Х. Халикова АН РТ (г. Казань, Россия)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.2.243.257

Ключевые слова:

археология, вятско-ветлужская культура, ранний железный век, ананьинская культурно-историческая область, городище , р. Вятка, керамический комплекс, хронология, VIII в. до н.э.

Аннотация

В статье представлены новые сведения о топографии городища Ройский Шихан, полученные в результате инструментальной съемки с помощью современных приборов геопозициорования (GNSS приемник South S660), в частности, размеры оборонительных сооружений, высота стрелки мыса от подножия городища. При использовании методов статистической обработки, на основе методики А.Г. Федорова-Давыдова, осуществлен детальный анализ керамического комплекса городища (2898 фр.). Для вышеуказанной коллекции керамики определены основные (качественные) признаки, которые являются общими для всех сосудов, а также альтернативные качественные признаки, которые присутствуют либо отсутствуют на том или ином сосуде. Выделен ряд альтернативных качественных признаков (орнаментальных мотивов) в оформлении ананьинской керамики, свидетельствующих о возникновении Ройского городища в первом периоде АКИО (IX – первая четверть / первая половина VII вв. до н.э.), предположительно, с VIII в. до н.э., тем самым обозначив его как наиболее ранний памятник среди городищ вятско-ветлужской культуры (ВВК) ананьинской культурно-исторической области (АКИО) бассейна реки Вятки.

Библиографические ссылки

Arkhipov, G. A. 1957. In Otchet o polevykh issledovaniyakh Mariyskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii v 1956 g. (Report on Field Studies of the Mari Archaeological Expedition in 1956). Kazan'–Yoshkar-Ola. Archive of the Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature, and History. Inv. 1, dossier 80 (in Russian).

Arkhipov, G. A. 1962. In Arkhipov, G. A. (ed.). Trudy Mariiskoi arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii (Proceedings of Mari Archaeological Expedition) II. Yoshkar-Ola: “Mariiskoe knizhnoe izdatel’stvo” Publ., 188–205 (in Russian).

Ashikhmina, L. I. 2014. Genezis anan’inskoi kul’tury v Srednem Prikam’e (po materialam keramiki i zhilishch) (Genesis of the Ananyino Culture in the Middle Kama Area (According to the Ceramics and Dwellings)). Series: Arkheologiia evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of the Eurasian Steppes) 19. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences; “Otechestvo” Publ. (in Russian).

Bobrinsky, A. A. 1978. Goncharstvo Vostochnoi Evropy. Istochniki i metody izucheniia (East European Pottery. Sources and Research Methods). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).

Vanchikov, V. V. 1989. Otchet ob arkheologicheskoy razvedke v Urzhumskom rayone Kirovskoy oblasti, provedennoy letom 1989 goda (Report on the archaeological reconnaissance in the Urzhum district of the Kirov region, conducted in the summer of 1989). Funds of the Institute of History and Culture of the Peoples of the Cis-Urals at Udmurt State University. Inv. 2. D. 63 (in Russian).

Vasiliev, St. A. 2002. Iskusstvo drevnego naseleniia Volgo-Kam’ia v anan’inskuiu epokhu (istoki i formirovanie) (Art of the Ancient Population of Volga–Kama Rivers Region in the Ananyino Epoch: Origins and Formation). Diss. of Candidate of Historical Sciences. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg State University (in Russian).

Vechtomov, A. D. 1967. In Oborin, V. A. (ed.). Trudy IV Ural'skogo arkheologicheskogo soveshhaniya (Proceedings of the 4th Ural Archaeological Conference). Series: Uchenye zapiski Permskogo gosuniversiteta (Scientific Bulletin of the Perm State University) 148. Perm: Perm State University, 133–155 (in Russian).

Glushkov, K. N. 2019. Otchet ob arkheologicheskoy razvedke v Urzhumskom rayone Kirovskoy oblasti v 2019 g. (Report on the archaeological reconnaissance in the Urzhum district of the Kirov region, carried out in 1989) Manuscript. (in Russian).

Zbrueva, A. V. 1952. Istoriia naseleniia Prikam’ia v anan’inskuiu epokhu (History of the Population of the Kama River Region in the Ananyino Time). Series: Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii Urala i Priural’ia (Materials and Research on the Archaeology of Ural and the Cis-Urals Area) V. Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR (Materials and Research in the USSR Archaeology) 30. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR (in Russian).

Zimina, O. Yu., Zakh, V. A. 2009. Nizhnee Pritobol’e na rubezhe bronzovogo i zheleznogo vekov (Lower Tobol River Area at the Turn of Bronze and Iron Ages). Novosibirsk: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).

Karmanov, V. N., Kosinskaya, L. L. 2021. In Sitdikov, A. A. Chizhevsky, A. A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 236–249 (in Russian).

Korenyuk, S. N. 1999. In Kashirina, Yu. Yu., Volegova, S. V. (eds.). Muzey XXI veka: vzglyad v proshloe i budushchee (Museum of the XXI century: a look into the past and future). Perm: Perm Regional Museum of Local Studies, 114–117 (in Russian).

Korolev, V. M. 1977. Otchet o razvedochnykh rabotakh provedennykh v Urzhumskom i Lebyazhskom rayonakh Kirovskoy oblasti letom 1977 goda (Report on reconnaissance carried out in Urzhum and Lebyazhye districts of Kirov region in the summer of 1977). Funds of the Institute of History and Culture of the Peoples of the Cis-Urals at Udmurt State University. Inv. 2. D. 63 (in Russian).

Korolev, A. I. 2021. In Sitdikov, A. A. Chizhevsky, A. A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 106–126 (in Russian).

Kuznetsov, S. K. 1884. In Izvestiia obshchestva arkheologii, istorii i etnografii pri Kazanskom universitete (Proceedings of the Society For History, Archaeology and Ethnography Affiliated to Kazan University) 3, 326–329 (in Russian).

Kuzminykh, S. V., Chizhevsky, A. A. 2021. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 9 (3), 101–124 (in Russian).

Kuz’mina, O. V. 2021. In Sitdikov, A. A. Chizhevsky, A. A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 442–468 (in Russian).

Lyganov, A. V. 2021. In Sitdikov, A. A. Chizhevsky, A. A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 522–547 (in Russian).

Mitryakov, A. E., Chernykh, E. M. 2014. In Kuzminykh, S. V., Chizhevsky, A. A. (eds.). Anan’inskii mir: istoki, razvitie, sviazi, istoricheskie sud’by (The World of Ananyino: Origins, Evolution, Relations, Historical Fate). Series: Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 20. Kazan: “Otechestvo” Publ., 147–186 (in Russian).

Orudzhov, E. I. 2017. In Arkheologiya evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 4, 89–104 (in Russian).

Orudzhov, E. I. 2021. Poselencheskie pamyatniki vyatsko-vetluzhskoy arkheologicheskoy kul'tury anan'inskoy kul'turno-istoricheskoy oblasti v basseyne reki Vyatki (Settlement sites of the Vyatka-Vetluga archaeological culture of the Ananyino cultural and historical area in the Vyatka River basin). Diss. of Candidate of historical sciences. Kazan (in Russian).

Solov’ev, B. S., Stavitsky, V. V. 2021. In Sitdikov, A. A. Chizhevsky, A. A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420–441 (in Russian).

Spitsyn, A.A. 1881. In Kalendar' Viatskoi gubernii na 1882 god. (1882 Year Calendar of the Vyatka Province). Vyatka, 25–90 (in Russian).

Terenozhkin, A. I. 1976. Kimmeriitsy (The Cimmerians). Kiev: “Naukova dumka” Publ. (in Russian).

Fedorov-Davydov, G. A. 1987. Statisticheskie metody v arkheologii (Statistical Methods in Archaeology). Moscow: “Vysshaia shkola” Publ. (in Russian).

Khalikov, A. Kh. 1977. Volgo-Kam’e v nachale epokhi rannego zheleza. VIII–VI vv. do n. e. (The Volga-Kama Region in the Beginning of the Early Iron Age (8th–6th Centuries BC)). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).

Chernykh, E. M., Vanchikov, V. V., Shatalov, V. A. 2002. Argyzhskoe gorodishche na reke Viatke (Argyzh Hillfort on the Vyatka River). Moscow: Institute of Computer Research (in Russian).

Chizhevsky, A. A., Chernykh, E. M., Khisiametdinova, A. A., Mitriakov, A. E, Spiridonova, E. A., Kochanova, M. D., Aleshinskaia, A. S. 2016. Skorniakovskoe gorodishche na Viatke (Skornyakovo settlement on Vyatka). Series: Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 22. Kazan: “Kazanskaia nedvizhimost'” Publ. (in Russian).

Chizhevsky, A. A. 2017. In Arkheologiya evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 4, 196–256 (in Russian).

Chizhevsky, A. A., Orudzhov, E. I. 2021. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 35 (1), 8–22 (in Russian).

Chizhevsky, A. A., Lyganov, A. V., Kuzminykh, S. V. 2021. In Sitdikov, A. A. Chizhevsky, A. A. (eds.). Eneolit i bronzovyi vek (Eneolithic and Bronze Age). Series: Arkheologiia Volgo-Uralia (Archaeology of the Volga-Urals) Vol. 2. Kazan: Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 601–637 (in Russian).

Загрузки

Опубликован

2023-04-28

Как цитировать

Оруджов , Э. И. (2023). Культурно-хронологические аспекты развития материальной культуры раннего железного века городища «Ройский Шихан». Археология Евразийских степей, (2), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2023.2.243.257

Выпуск

Раздел

Исследования и публикации