ГОРОДА КРЫМА XIII-XV ВЕКОВ И НЕКОТОРЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ ИХ ИСТОРИКО-КУЛЬТУРНОЙ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.2.253.262Ключевые слова:
археология, города Крыма XIII–XV вв.: византийские, ордынские, генуэзские, Херсон, Солхат, Каффа, ФеодороАннотация
После завоевания Крыма монголами (1223–1278 гг.) на территории полуострова сложились благоприятные условия для формирования новых городских структур. Ввиду того, что в XIII–XV вв. через Крым проходили трансконтинентальные торговые артерии, связывавшие Восток и Запад, Север и Юг, здесь отмечено взаимодействие трёх цивилизационных парадигм: поздневизантийской, золотоордынской и лигурийской, представленных тремя формами государственных образований. Несмотря на традиционную для средневекового городского населения полуострова полиэтничность и поликонфессиональность, они обладали существенными различиями. Наиболее чёткими отличительными признаками являлись градостроительная структура, архитектурный характер гражданских, культовых, фортификационных и жилых строений. Основными городами полуострова являлись поздневизантийские Херсон и Феодоро, золотоордынский Солхат и генуэзская Каффа. Несмотря на длительное изучение и обилие публикаций, современная историография средневекового Крыма лишена работ монографического характера, посвящённых Феодоро, Солхату, Сугдее, Каффе и др.
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