Dog Breeding Among the Population of the Town of Beryozov in the XVI–XIX Centuries (based on the results of the study of the osteological collection)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.1.73.88Keywords:
archaeozoology, Western Siberia, Russian population, dogs, bones, morphometry, transport dog breedingAbstract
The paper considers the osteological collection of late medieval dogs from the excavations of the Beryozov hillfort of the XVI–XIX centuries. In the frozen cultural layer, numerous bone remains (more than 547 items), including almost complete skeletons of dogs of different ages, were well preserved. The distribution of dog remains on excavated sites, the composition of skeletal parts, craniological parameters, age composition and bone pathologies were analyzed. The height at the withers and the weight of the dogs have been defined. All dogs were locally bred, and there was no influx of other breeds from outside, as well as there was no special selection. Throughout the whole period, dogs of the same type similar in appearance to modern laikas were kept in Beryozov. The dogs were of different sizes, stand between 37–60 cm at the withers, weighing 10–30 kg. The animals moved freely around the town, often feeding on solid kitchen waste. Dogs were used as a draft power, and in cold times as a transport animal, and to a lesser extent for hunting fur-bearing animals, wildfowl and for herding reindeer. In some cases, the local population could use dogs in ritual ceremonies.
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