Mordovian District of the Golden Horde City of Naruchad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.3.135.146Keywords:
archaeology, medieval town, Naruchad, urban district, Golden Horde, the Mordvins, crafts, commodity-money relationsAbstract
The nearest surroundings includes rural settlements located within a day's walk from the city, the information about which is known mainly from the materials of burials left by their inhabitants. Of the Mordovian settlements, only the Polyanki settlement has been excavated. Mordovian burial grounds also belong to the urban area: Kazbek, Abashevo, Akimovshchina, Panzha, Staraya Sotnya, where burials were made back in pre-Mongol times. The other sites, apparently, appeared on this area as a result of population displacement caused by the Mongol invasion, after the stabilisation of the internal political situation. The location for the city was probably chosen taking into account the density of the rural population in order to ensure an uninterrupted supply of food to the Horde administration and urban artisans. The emergence of the city did not have a significant impact on the population of the Mordovian district, which continued to widely cultivate domestic crafts and was rather poorly involved in commodity-money relations. The overwhelming majority of pottery and ironware were made by rural craftsmen, urban artisans supplied the village mainly with jewelry. Administrative functions were mainly concentrated in the city.
References
Alikhova, A. E. 1938. Materialy Mordovskoy arkheologicheskoy ekspeditsii GIM 1938 g. pod rukovodstvom A.E. Alikhovoy v Penzenskoy i Tambovskoy obl. (Materials of the Mordovian archaeological expedition of the State Historical Museum in 1938 headed by A.Ye. Alikhova in the Penza and Tambov regions). Archive of the Research Institute of Humanities. Saransk. I-1335. 18 l (in Russian).
Alikhova, A. E. 1948. In Got’e, Yu. V., Tsyganov, N. V., Kotkov, K. A. (eds.). Arkheologicheskii sbornik (Archaeological Collection of Papers) 1. Saransk: “Mordov. gos. izd-vo” Publ., 212–258 (in Russian).
Alikhova, A. E. 1954. In Smirnov, A. P. (ed.). Trudy Kuybyshevskoi arkheologicheskoi ekspeditsii (Proceedings of the Kuybyshev Archaeological Expedition) 1. Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR (Materials and Studies in the USSR Archaeology) 42. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 259–301 (in Russian).
Alikhova, A. E. 1959. In Smirnov, A. P. (ed.). Iz drevnei i srednevekovoi istorii mordovskogo naroda (Essays on Ancient and Medieval History of the Mordva People). Saransk: Mordovian Book Publ., 13–54 (in Russian).
Andreev, S. I. 2020. In Rossiiskaia Arkheologiia (Russian Archaeology) (2), 151–166 (in Russian).
Begovatkin, A. A. 2017. Arkheologicheskaya karta Rossii. Respublika Mordoviya (Archaeological Map of Russia. The Republic of Mordovia). Moscow: Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian)
Belorybkin, G. N. 2003. Zapadnoe Povolzh’e v srednie veka (The Western Volga Region in the Middle Ages). Penza: Penza State Pedagogical University (in Russian).
Belorybkin, G. N. 2007. In Penzenskii arkheologicheskii sbornik (Penza Archaeological Collected Papers) 1. Penza: “PIRO” Publ., 211−258 (in Russian).
Belorybkin, G. A., Ikonnikov, D. S., Melnichenko, O. V., Vinnichek, V. A., Lebedev, V. P., Gumayunov, S. V., Golubev, O. V. 2021. Srednevekovyi gorod Mokhshi (The Medieval Town Mokhshi). Penza (in Russian).
Belousov, S. V., Stavitsky, V. V. 2022. In Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie (Golden Horde Review) (10) 4, 840–850 (in Russian).
Vasilieva, I. N. 1993. In Kovalevskaia, V. B. (ed.). Novoe v srednevekovoi arkheologii Evrazii (New Research in the Medieval Archaeology of Eurasia). Samara: “Artefakt” Publ., 58–76 (in Russian).
Vikhliaev, V. I., Begovatkin, A. A., Zelentsova, O. V., Shitov, V. N. 2008. Khronologiia mogil’nikov naseleniia I–XIV vv. zapadnoi chasti Srednego Povolzh’ia (Chronology of the Burial Grounds of 1st — 14th Centuries in the Western Part of the Middle Volga Region). Saransk: “Krasnyi Oktiabr” Typography (in Russian).
Vikhlyaev, V. I., Kemaev, E. N. 2019. In Povolzhskaya arheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 30 (4), 110–118 (in Russian).
Vikhlyaev,V. I., Peterburgsky, I. M., Sedyshev, O. V. 2013. Drevnie i srednevekovye poseleniya mordvy (Ancient medieval settlements of the Mordvins). Saransk: Mordovian State University (in Russian).
Gismatullin, M. R. 2022. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 3, 181–189 (in Russian).
Goryunova, E. I. 1947. In Udaltsov, A. D. (ed.). Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta istorii material’noi kul’tury (Brief Communications of the Institute for the History of Material Culture) 15. Moscow; Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 106–110 (in Russian).
Goryunova, E. I. 1948. In Got’e, Yu. V., Tsyganov, N. V., Kotkov, K. A. (eds.). Arkheologicheskii sbornik (Archaeological Collection of Papers) 1. Saransk: “Mordov. gos. izd-vo” Publ., 112–137 (in Russian).
Gribov, N. N. 2007. Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii (Brief Communications of the Institute of Archaeology) (221), 118–131 (in Russian).
Gribov, N. N. 2021. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 36 (2), 164–177 (in Russian).
Degtyarev, A. Ya. 1982. In Gorod i gosudarstvo v drevnikh obshchestvakh (City and state in ancient societies). Leningrad: Leningrad State University, 146–149 (in Russian).
Lyahov, S. V. 1997. In Yudin, A.I. (ed.). Arkheologicheskoe nasledie Saratovskogo kraia. (The Archaeological Heritage of the Saratov Region). Saratov: “Orion” Publ., 79–97 (in Russian).
Monakhov, S. Yu. 1991. In Mironiov, V. G. (ed.). Arkheologiia vostochno-evropeiskoi stepi (Archaeology of East-European Steppe) 2. Saratov: Saratov State University, 167–188 (in Russian).
Morzherin, K. Yu. 2003. In Povolzhskie finny i ih sosedi v jepohu rannego srednevekov'ja (problemy hronologii i jetnicheskoj istorii) (The Volga Finns and their Neighbors in the Early Middle Ages (the Issues of Chronology and Ethnic History)). Saransk, 50–53 (in Russian).
Morzherin, K. Yu. 2013. In Yudin, A. I. (ed.). Arkheologicheskoe nasledie Saratovskogo kraia. (The Archaeological Heritage of the Saratov Region) 11. Saratov: “Nauchnaia kniga” Publ., 140–178 (in Russian).
Nedashkovsky, L. F. 2011. Zolotoordynskiy gorod i ego okruga: na materialakh Nizhnego Povolzh'ya (The Golden Horde city and its districts: based on materials from the Lower Volga region) Thesis of Diss. of the Candidate of Historical Sciences. Izhevsk (in Russian).
Nedashkovsky, L. F. 2013. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 6 (4), 118–129 (in Russian).
Nedoshivina, N. G. 1967. In Rybakov, B. A. (ed.). Ocherki po istorii russkoi derevni X—XIII vv. (Sketches on History of the Russian Village of 10th—13th Centuries). Series: Trudy Gosudarstvennogo istoricheskogo muzeia (Proceedings of the State Historical Museum) 43. Moscow: “Sovetskaia Rossiia” Publ., 253–274 (in Russian).
Pigarev, E. M. 2022. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 3, 295–303 (in Russian).
Sedova, M. V. 1981. Yuvelirnye ukrasheniya drevnego Novgoroda (X–XV vv.) (Jewelry of ancient Novgorod (X–XV centuries). Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Spitsyn, A. A. 1894. In Otchet Arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1892 g. (Report of the Imperial Archaeological Commission from 1892), 45–51 (in Russian).
Stavitsky, V. V. 2008. Arkheologicheskie izyskaniya M.R. Polesskikh (Archaeological studies by M.R. Polesskikh). Penza (in Russian).
Stavitsky, V. V. 2022. In Arkheologiia Evraziiskikh stepei (Archaeology of Eurasian Steppes) 6, 155–166 (in Russian).
Stashenkov, D. A. 2019. In Bocharov, S. G., Sitdikov, A. G. (eds.). Genuezskaia Gazariia i Zolotaia Orda (The Genoese Gazaria and the Golden Horde) 2. Kazan, Kishinev: “Stratum Plus” Publ., 413–432 (in Russian).
Stashenkov, D. A., Kochkina, A. F. 2008. Boris Aleksandrovich Latynin. Samarskiy period zhizni (Boris Alexandrovich Latynin. Samara period of life). Saratov: “Novyy veter” Publ. (in Russian).
Stepanov, P. D. 1959. In Smirnov, A. P. (ed.). Iz drevnei i srednevekovoi istorii mordovskogo naroda (Essays on Ancient and Medieval History of the Mordva People). Saransk: Mordovian Book Publ., 195–206 (in Russian).
Shakirov, Z. G. 2014. In Povolzhskaya arkheologiya (Volga River Region Archaeology) 8 (2), 37–48 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 V.V. Stavitsky, S.V. Belousov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
