Crimea in the XIII–XV Centuries: issues of interpretation of events in history and archaeology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.5.60.67Keywords:
Crimea/Solkhat, Kaffa, Sugdea, Vosporo, Kherson, Chembalo, Eski-Kermen, Mangup/Feodoro, Kyrk-ErAbstract
The events of the XIII–XV centuries were reflected in the cultural strata of architectural and archaeological complexes of cities, fortresses, rural settlements, monasteries, temples, necropolises of the Crimea. The variety of finds indicates broad trade and economic ties. The geography of artifacts found in Crimea is extensive: they originate from China in the east and the Iberian Peninsula in the west; Veliky Novgorod in the north and cities of Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt in the south. Since the end of the XVIII century, researchers have published works covering diverse aspects of medieval archaeology and the history of the Crimea. Despite the priority of urban issues (the cities of Crimea/Solkhat, Kaffa, Sugdea, Vosporo, Kherson, Chembalo, Eski-Kermen, Mangup/Feodoro, Kyrk-Er, etc. were excavated), there are no modern sites dedicated to their comprehensive study. Two urban centers, Doros and Fulli, remain not localized. In the vast majority of cases, scientists avoid publishing the stratigraphy of the sites, which makes their historical periodization and topography unclear. For the same reason, the historical and archaeological characteristics of settlements, defensive fortresses, castles, monasteries, churches and necropolises present an even more fuzzy picture.
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