Крым в XIII–XV веках: проблемы интерпретации событий в истории и археологии
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.5.60.67Ключевые слова:
Крым/Солхат, Каффа, Воспоро, Херсон, Чембало, Эски-Кермен, Мангуп/Феодоро, Кырк-ЕрАннотация
События XIII–XV вв. нашли отражение в культурных напластованиях архитектурно-археологических комплексов городов, крепостей, сельских поселений, монастырей, храмов, некрополей Крыма. Разнообразие находок свидетельствует о широких торгово-экономических связях. Обширна география найденных в Крыму артефактов: они происходят из Китая на востоке и Пиренейского полуострова на западе; Великого Новгорода на севере и городов Малой Азии, Сирии, Палестины, Египта на юге. С конца XVIII в. исследователями изданы работы, освещающие разносторонние аспекты средневековой археологии и истории Крыма. Несмотря на приоритетность городской проблематики (раскопкам подвергались города Крым/Солхат, Каффа, Сугдея, Воспоро, Херсон, Чембало, Эски-Кермен, Мангуп/Феодоро, Кырк-Ер и др.), отсутствуют современные публикации, посвящённые их комплексному изучению. Остаются не локализованными два городских центра – Дорос и Фуллы. В подавляющем большинстве случаев учёные избегают издания стратиграфии памятников, что делает невнятной их историческую периодизацию и топографию. По этой же причине ещё более размытую картину представляет историко-археологическая характеристика поселений, сторожевых крепостей, замков, монастырей, церквей и некрополей.
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