Unity of Diversity: confessional and linguistic tolerance, multiculturalism in the Kazan Khanate – the northernmost outpost of the Islamic world in the XV–XVI centuries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24852/2587-6112.2024.5.117.125Keywords:
Kazan Khanate, Islamic world, multiculturalism, religious and linguistic toleranceAbstract
The article presents the results of many years of research on the ethnosocial and political history of the Kazan Khanate, the culture of the ruling stratum and the taxable population of this medieval state. Historical sources indicate that in the Khanate, with the supremacy of Islam and the growth of its influence on all spheres of life in the country, there was complete religious and linguistic tolerance, which was associated with the traditions of the Khazar Khaganate, Volga-Kama Bolgaria, the Mongol Empire and the Golden Horde. It is also important to point out the rather wide polylingualism and multiculturalism of the population of the Kazan state. The necessity of polylingualism and multiculturalism in educational and communication space “in the era of post-literacy” noted by many modern scientists and teachers, it turns out, has long been successfully realized in different countries in the Middle Ages, for example, in the XV-XVI centuries in the Kazan Khanate.
References
Аidarova-Volkova, G. N. 2019. In Istoricheskaya etnologiya (Historical ethnology) 4 (2), 219–234 (in Russian).
Bakhtin, A. G., Khamidullin, B. L. 2014. In Khakimov, R. (ed. in-chief). Istoriia tatar s drevneishikh vremen v semi tomakh (History of the Tatars since Ancient Times in seven volumes) 14 Tatarskie gosudarstva XV–XVIII vv. (The Tatar states of the XV–XVIII centuries). Kazan: Institute of History named after Shigabuddin Mardzhani, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 289–358 (in Russian).
Belov, S. G., Khamidullin, B. L. 2022. Volzhskie bulgary. Put' k islamu (Volga Bolgars. The way to Islam). Kazan: M. Khasanov Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies (in Russian).
Berezhkov, M. N. 1897. In Izvestiia Tavricheskoi uchenoi arkhivnoi komissii (Proceedings of the Taurida Learned Archival Commission) 27, 1–17 (in Russian).
Boryngy tatar ədəbiyaty (Ancient Tatar literature). Kazan: “TKN” Publ. (in Tatar).
Gvanyini, O. 2007. Khronіka єvropeys'koї Sarmatії (Chronicle of European Sarmatia). Kiev: Kiev -Mohyla Academy (in Ukrainian).
Gerbershtein, S. 2008. Zapiski o Moskovii (Notes on Muscovy) I. Moscow: “Pamiatniki istoricheskoi mysli” Publ. (in Russian).
Davletshin, G. M. 2009. In Zagidullin, I. K. (ed.). Srednevekovye tiurko-tatarskie gosudarstva (Medieval Turkic-Tatar States) 1. Kazan: Institute of History named after Shigabuddin Mardzhani, Tatarstan Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 84–91 (in Russian).
Izmailov, I. l., Khamidullin, A. M. 2008. Islam v Zolotoi Orde (Islam in the Golden Horde). Kazan: “TKI” Publ. (in Russian).
Iskhakov, D. M. 1997. Seidy v pozdnezolotoordynskikh tatarskikh gosudarstvakh (Seyids in the late Golden Horde Tatar states). Kazan: “Iman” Publ. (in Russian).
Katanov, N. F. 1899. In Izvestiia obshchestva arkheologii, istorii i etnografii pri Kazanskom imperatorskom universitete (Reports of the Society of Archaeology, History and Ethnography Affiliated with Kazan Imperial University) vol. 15, issue 3, 241–360 (in Russian).
Kurbsky, A. 1913. Istoriya o velikom knyaze Moskovskom (Izvlecheno iz «Sochineniy knyazya Kurbskago») (History of the Grand Prince of Moscow (Extracted from the "Writings of Prince Kurbsky")). Saint Petersburg: Aleksandrov, M. A.” Publ. (in Russian).
Mardanov, R., Khadiev, I. 2013. Tatarskaya kniga (The Tatar Book). Kazan: “NKN” Publ. (in Russian).
Mardzhani, Sh. 1989. Mustafad al'-akhbar fi akhvali Kazan' va Bulgar (Sources on the history of Kazan and Bulgaria). Kazan: “NKN” Publ. (in Tatar).
Mөnәҗәtlәr (Munajats). Kazan: “Iman” Publ. (in Tatar).
Mukhametd’yar. 1966. Tөkhfәi mәrdәn. Nury sodur. Poemalar (Tukhfa-i Mardan. Nur-i Sodur. The poems).Kazan: “NKN” Publ. (in Tatar).
Mustakimov, I. A. 2013. In Zagidullin, I. K. (ed.). Srednevekovye tiurko-tatarskie gosudarstva (Medieval Turkic-Tatar States) 5. Kazan: Institute of History named after Shigabuddin Mardzhani, Tatarstan Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 43–52 (in Russian).
Mukhametd’yarov, Sh. F. 2008. In Kobischanova, Yu. M. (ed.). Ocherki istorii islamskoy tsivilizatsii (Essays on the history of Islamic сivilization) Vol. 2. Moscow: “Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya” Publ., 123–127 (in Russian).
Mukhametd’yarov, Sh. F. 2008. In Kobischanova, Yu. M. (ed.). Ocherki istorii islamskoy tsivilizatsii (Essays on the history of Islamic сivilization) Vol. 2. Moscow: “Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya” Publ., 119–122 (in Russian).
Mukhametd’yarov, Sh. F. 2021. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskiy i gosudarstvennyy stroy Kazanskogo khanstva (XV – pervaya polovina XVI vv.). (The social, economic and state system of the Kazan Khanate (XV – the first half of the XVI century)). Kazan: “Ikhlas” Publ., Institute of History named after Shigabuddin Mardzhani, Tatarstan Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Nasyiri, K. 1884. Fәvakiһel җөlәsa fil әdәbiyat (Fruits for literary conversations) Kazan: Kazan Imperial University Publ. (in Russian).
Pamyatniki diplomaticheskikh snosheniy drevney Rossii s derzhavami inostrannymi. Pamyatniki diplomaticheskikh snosheniy Moskovskogo gosudarstva s aziatskimi narodami: Krymom, Kazan'yu, Nogaytsami i Turtsiey, za vremya Velikikh Knyazey Ioanna III i Vasiliya Ioannovicha (Monuments of diplomatic relations between ancient Russia and foreign powers. Monuments of the diplomatic relations of the Moscow state with Asian peoples: Crimea, Kazan, Nogais and Turkey, during the time of Grand Dukes John III and Vasily Ioannovich). Series: Sbornik Imperatorskogo Russkogo istoricheskogo obshchestva (Collection of the Imperial Russian Historical Society). Vol. 41. Part 1. Saint Petersburg: “Eleonsky, F. & Co” Publ. (in Russian).
Pilipchuk, Ya. V. 2014. In Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie (Golden Horde Review) (3), 80–102 (in Russian).
Patriarshaia ili Nikonovskaia letopis'. 2-ia polovina. Tsarstvennaia kniga (Patriarch's or Nikon Chronicle. The 2nd half. The Regal Book). 1965. Series: Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei (Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles) XIII. Moscow: “Nauka” Publ. (in Russian).
Rakhim, G., Gaziz, G. 1925. Tatar әdәbiyaty tarikhy. Feodalizm dәvere. 2-nche basma (The history of Tatar literature. The era of feudalism. 2nd edition). Kazan: “Tatarstan matbugat һәm nәshriyat kombinaty Publ. (in Tatar).
Russkiy vremennik (The Russian vremennik (annals)) Part. 2. Moscow: Synodal Printing House (in Russian).
Tatar әdәbiyaty tarikhy (The history of Tatar literature) Vol. 1. Kazan: “TKI” Publ. (in Tatar).
Gilyazutdinov, S. M. 2015. Tatarskoe narodnoe tvorchestvo. Predaniya i legendy (Tatar Folk Art: Fairy Legends) 5. Kazan: “TKI” Publ. (in Russian).
Nigmatullina, В. E. 2022. Tatarskoe narodnoe tvorchestvo. Dastany (Tatar Folk Art: Fairy Dastans) 8. Kazan: “TKI” Publ. (in Russian).
Fazlutdinov, I. K. 2022. Tatarskoe narodnoe tvorchestvo. Baity (Tatar Folk Art: Fairy Baits) 9. Kazan: “TKI” Publ. (in Russian).
Khamidullin, B. L. 2002. Narody Kazanskogo khanstva: etnosotsiologicheskoe issledovanie (The Peoples of the Kazan Khanate: an ethnic and sociological study). Kazan: “TKI” Publ. (in Russian).
Khamidullin, B. L. 2008. In Bol'shaia rossiiskaia entsiklopediia (Great Russian Encyclopedia). Vol. 12. Moscow: “Great Russian Encyclopedia” Publ., 402–405 (in Russian).
Khamidullin, B. L. 2016. In Ekho vekov = Gasırlar avazı (Echo of Centuries) 1/2, 3–10 (in Russian).
Khamidullin, B. L. 2017. In GLOBAL-Turk. 1/2, 172–189 (in Russian).
Khamidullin, B. L. 2017. In Ekho vekov = Gasırlar avazı (Echo of Centuries) 1/2, 50–62 (in Russian).
Khamidullin, B. L. 2023. Kazanskoe khanstvo kak immanentnaya chast' islamskoy tsivilizatsii (The Kazan Khanate as an immanent part of Islamic Civilization). Kazan: M. Khasanov Institute of Tatar Encyclopedia and Regional Studies (in Russian).
Khudiakov, M. G. 1990. Ocherki po istorii Kazanskogo khanstva (Essays on the Kazan Khanate History). Kazan: “Fond TIaK” Publ. (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 B.L. Khamidullin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
