FORTIFICATION AS A REFLECTION OF THE ORGANIZATION OF DEFENSE (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE FOREST ZONE OF EASTERN EUROPE 10–15TH CC.)

Abstract

The systems of defense organization had signifi cant diff erences in pre–state societies and state formations, so such diff erences had the systems of defense organization in sedentary and nomadic populations. Accordingly, the fortifi cation structures, created in diff erent epochs by diff erent peoples, diff ered radically. In pre–state societies, as well as in state formations created by sedentarized nomads, ditches and ramparts were the prevailing type of fortifi cations, whereas in countries with agricultural population more advanced barriers in the form of vertical walls. Fortifi cations were directly determined by the level of development of society, its economic potential, but, to no lesser extent, as a method of warfare.